{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":100,"sheets":["Background Rights Schedule","DATA Matrix","DECISION MATRIX","TOOL SELECTOR","MasterTableOfTools","Tool_1","Tool_2","Tool_3","Tool_4","Tool_5","Tool_6","Tool_7","Tool_8","Tool_9","Tool_10","Tool_11","Tool_12","Tool_13","Tool_14","Tool_15","Tool_16","Tool_17","Tool_18","Tool_19","Tool_20","Tool_21","Tool_22","Tool_23","Tool_24","Tool_25","Tool_26","Tool_27","Tool_28","Tool_29","Tool_30","Tool_31","Tool_32","Tool_33","Tool_34","Tool_35","Tool_36","Tool_37","Tool_38","Tool_39","Tool_40","Tool_41","Tool_42","Tool_43","Tool_44","Tool_45","Tool_46","Tool_47","Tool_48","Tool_49","Tool_50","Tool_51","Tool_52","Tool_53","Tool_54","Tool_55","Tool_56","Tool_57","Tool_58","Tool_59","Tool_60","Tool_61","Tool_62","Tool_63","Tool_64","Tool_65","Tool_66","Tool_67","Tool_68","Tool_69","Tool_70","Tool_71","Tool_72","Tool_73","Tool_74","Tool_75","Tool_76","Tool_77","Tool_78","Tool_79","Tool_80","Tool_81","Tool_82","Tool_83","Tool_84","Tool_85","Tool_86","Tool_87","Tool_88","Tool_89","Tool_90","Tool_91","Tool_92","Tool_93","Template for Output Table","Form to input new Data"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":3,"macros":1,"external_links":0,"defined_names":97,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

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["Background Rights Schedule – [INSERT PROJECT NAME] – [INSERT PROJECT NUMBER]",null,null,null,"Back to Decision Matrix"]
["Many of the outputs from our projects are made using intellectual property that existed before the project (or background rights).  To make sure we can use these outputs we need to secure permission to use these background rights.  Without this permission, the outputs from the project could be useless.  This is particularly important for software and databases. "]
["NB You do not need to include reports you have read."]
["Describe the asset so that somebody else could find it (Include Name, reference/version numbers, format)","Who owns the Intellectual Property Rights?","What permission do we have from them? (include licence reference numbers if available "]
["Network-wide FEH flood peak estimates (Q(T)) grids)","NERC - CEH","Internal use only (licence 507)"]
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["For help please contact Data Sharing: Data.Info or visit our easinet pages."]
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["Remember to update details of Background/Prior Rights as rights/IP assets are introduced during the period of the Contract"]

{"sheet":"DATA Matrix","index":1,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":21,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[]}
["Data Category","Data type","Open Data","Licensable Data","License holders","license issues ","Back to Decision Matrix"]
["Hydrology","rainfall",null,"WISKI","EA"]
[null,"flow","NRFA","WISKI database","EA/CEH"]
[null,"runoff","E-HYPE","CERF, LFE, GFG","EA/CEH"]
[null,"River network",null,"DRN","EA"]
["DTM","LiDAR, SAR, etc","OS Opendata - Terrain @50m; SRTM - global","updated Flood Map for Surface Water; flood zones, NaFRA, Geomatics (filtered and unfiltered LIDAR), Airbus (NEXTMap)","EA"]
["Typology","Physical modification, River Habitat Survey (RHS)",null,"WFD risk assessment for physical modification, Aquatic Veg and Management, Low flows R&D","EA"]
["Remote sensing","CASI, LANSAT,",null,"updated Flood Map for Surface Water; flood zones, NaFRA","EA"]
["Aerial imagary","Terrain, old maps","OS Opendata, old maps.co.uk","Google / bing",null,"EA possibly have issues with publishing Google Earth imagery? Old maps require purchase"]
["Flood Mapping","Flood Maps",null,"updated Flood Map for Surface Water; Flood Zone maps, NaFRA; JBA CFM/GFM","EA"]
["Defence Data","Defence lines, Areas benefitting, etc",null,"Areas benefitting maps,  AIMS data, CDL,  Risk assessment for Physical modification","EA"]
["Asset andmaintenance","AIMS/NFCDD",null,"AIMS","EA"]
["Diffuse Pollution","water quality: nutrients, SS,","E-HYPE","PSYCHIC-P, NEAP-N; SAGIS, SIMCAT-CSF, CCM, WIMS data","ADAS EA"]
["Ecology","RHS",null,"River Habitat Survey, EA database "]
["Ecosystem Services"]
["Topography","DTM/DEM, DTME","OS Terrain","Old and new versions of LIDAR (for channel change)","EA"]
["Social","Census","ONS website"]
["Landcover","OS Mastermap","CORINE, OS","LCM2007, AgCensus: Cover, Crop, livestock","OS (Geostore for Mastermap)"]
["Physical Modification","DRN",null,"DRN","EA"]
["Sediment","Sediment sampling / recording",null,null,"EA"]
["Soils","Soil classes",null,"NSRI NATMAP","EA hold license / CEH"]

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[null,"WORKING WITH NATURAL PROCESSES - DATA, MAPPING AND MODELLING TOOL DECISION SUPPORT"]
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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"We intend to build an extra category of uncertainty annalyses tools and links"]
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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"This box should link to Ecosystem service tools such as LUCI"]

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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y","All levels of detail",null,"Scale","field or reach scale",null,null,"0. All Processes"]
[null,null,"SC120015 Catchment Processes Tool Library",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N","Simply view data",null,null,"farm scale",null,null,"1. Runoff generation and hydrology"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Either","More detailed data analysis techniques",null,null,"small catchment (<10km2)",null,null,"2. Sediment sources, pathways and receptors."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Tools for strategic assessment",null,null,"waterbody (>10km2)",null,null,"3. The effects of in-channel barriers along river systems."]
[null,1,"Please select the level of detail for your analysis:","All levels of detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"More complex models for detailed assessments and appraisal",null,null,"Regional scale",null,null,"4. The effects of longitudinal barriers which disconnect rivers from their floodplains during flood events."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"chosen level",{"$f":"MATCH(D5,Y1:Y5,0)","v":1},null,"National scale",null,null,"5.  The inherent nature of the system, channel slope and energy, stability and ability to adjust to change"]
[null,2,"Please select the processes you wish to model:","0. All Processes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"6. Mobilisation and Inputs of diffuse pollutants from the land."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Count",{"$f":"COUNTA(MasterTableOfTools!B:B)-1","v":94},null,null,null,null,"chosen index",{"$f":"MATCH(D7,AE1:AE7,0)","v":1}]
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[null,3,"Do you need open source data or license free software?","Either"]
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[null,"D","What Scale are you interested in? ","field scale"]
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[null,"E","Which ecosystem services?"]
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[null,4,"Retrieve Tools for your selected filters:"]
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[null,null,null,"Count of Selected Tools:",null,{"$f":"SUBTOTAL(3,MasterTableOfTools!B:B)-1","v":94}]

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["ID","Tool Name","Tool complexity: Data and Datasets/ Data Analysis / Screening / Detailed","Key Purpose (description)","Description","1. Runoff generation and hydrology","2. Sediment sources, pathways and receptors.","3. The effects of in-channel barriers along river systems.","4. The effects of longitudinal barriers which disconnect rivers from their floodplains during flood events.","5.  Land and Land Use Change","6. Mobilisation and Inputs of diffuse pollutants from the land.","Strengths","Weaknesses","Data requirements / license issues","Open Source / Free to use  (Y/N)","Related Case Studies","Citations","Web addresses","How is typology considered","Which ecosystem services can be modelled","Which WFD objectives are considered","Which variables are considered?","Benchmarking ","What scales can be considered",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"All levels of detail","All levels of detail",null,null,null,null,"Data Validation field ranges"]
[1,"Geomorphic Change Detection tool","Data analysis","Geomorphological change detection","A free toolkit provided by Wheaton’s lab that includes automated change detection and data analysis or rivers based on a range of different LiDAR and survey techniques. The Geomorphic Change Detection tools are designed to work with LiDAR and Green LiDAR (see reference in these to bathymetric LiDAR), and to automate the production of change metrics based on a range of uncertainty and error analysis delivered via standard ARCGIS platforms as used by the Agency.  The software was developed primarily for morphological sediment budgeting in rivers. The volumetric change in storage is calculated from the difference in surface elevations from digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from repeat topographic surveys. As each DEM has an uncertain surface representation (which might vary in space and time), our ability to detect changes between surveys is highly dependent on surface representation uncertainties inherent in the individual DEMs. The fundamental problem is separating out the changes between the surveys that are due to geomorphic change as opposed to noise in the survey data. GCD provides a suite of tools for quantifying those uncertainties independently in each DEM and propagating them through to the DEM of difference. The program also provides ways for segregating the best estimates of change spatially using different types of masks. The overall suite of tools is more generically applicable to many different spatial raster-based change detection problems.","N","Y","N","N","Y","N","Automated producion of change metrics;\nHandling of data uncertainty\nthere is a Matlab version of the code","Variable quality datasets","DTM - although there are opensource DTMS these are generally coarse - such as OS Open Terrain. Source Code Available","Y",null,"Wheaton et al., 2011 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.1886/abstract;jsessionid=C5E39462F313C5E11FF269D5A8B94895.f02t03)","http://gcd.joewheaton.org/ ","through characterising he dynamism of a system","sediment regulation","hydromorphology","elevation, slope","See citation","Multi-scale depending on DTM resolution and coverage.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,"Data and Datasets","Simply view data",null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[2,"River Bathymetry Toolkit (RBT) ","Strategic","Topographic change","Traditional techniques for describing and understanding aquatic physical habitat in streams have focused on manual measurements of channel topography. New remote sensing techniques, such as airborne water-penetrating Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and boat-mounted acoustic sensors can produce highly accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with continuous coverage of long segments of channels and stream networks. The U.S. Forest Service and ESSA Technologies have developed a suite of GIS tools, the River Bathymetry Toolkit (RBT), for processing high resolution DEMs of channels. Our goal is to characterize in-stream and floodplain geomorphology to support aquatic habitat analyses and numerical models of flow and sediment transport. The RBT is available for free and is under active development.","N","Y","Y","N","Y","N","Characterises in-stream and floodplain geomorphology to support aquatic habitat analyses and numerical models of flow and sediment transport.\nMaking use of emerging rapid bathymmetry measurements","Requires bathymmetry data","DTM","Y",null,"McKean, J., Nagel, D., Tonina, D., Bailey, P., Wright, C.W., Bohn, C., Nayegandhi, A., 2009. Remote sensing of channels and riparian zones with a narrow-beam aquatic-terrestrial lidar. Remote Sensing 1 (4) 1065-1096. \n\nMcKean, Jim; Isaak, Dan; Wright, Wayne  2009.  Improving stream studies with a small-footprint green lidar.   Eos. 90(39): 341-342. \n\nMcKean, J., Isaak, D., Wright, C.W., 2009. Stream and riparian habitat analysis and monitoring with a high-resolution terrestrial-aquatic lidar. in Bayer, J.M., and Schei, J.L., eds., PNAMP Special Publication: Remote Sensing Applications for Aquatic Resource Monitoring, Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership, Cook, Washington, Chap. 2, p. 7-16. \n\nMcKean, J.A., D.J. Isaak, and C.W. Wright.  2008.  Geomorphic controls on salmon nesting patterns described by a new, narrow-beam terrestrial-aquatic lidar.  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(3),125-130. \n","http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/river_bathymetry_toolkit.shtml","helps define typology","sediment regulation","hydromorphology","elevation, slope",null,"reach-scale",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2,"Data analysis","More detailed data analysis techniques",null,null,null,null,"N"]
[3,"GIS watershed/basin tools","Data analysis","delineating catchments","Generic Tools for processing topographic data for rivers \nLiDAR intensity data can also be used to define the channel edge.","Y","Y","N","N","Y","N","Free versions - e.g. SAGA (http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html)  - see manual (http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html)\nArcGIS version available in Spatial Analyst Toolbox, therefore requires this license","Resolution issues if river width ~ pixel size; 75% UK watercourses <5m","DTM; LiDAR","Y","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation",null,"http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html","steepness of slopes","sediment regulation","important for defining catchments","elevation, slope",null,"catchment",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,3,"Strategic","Screening tools for strategic assessment",null,null,null,null," - "]
[4,"Morphological Impact Assessment System (MImAS) /  RATS","Strategic","Geomorphological characterisation","MImAS is a morphological impact assessment system (tool) which aims to support stakeholders to identify whether morphological alterations/changes (interventions) may cause risk to fail the achievement of ecological objectives (related to WFD). Developed by SNIFFER (Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum For Environmental\nResearch). It is an expert judgment-based risk assessment tool.WFD classification & regulation of river engineering activities. Assumes that river systems have some capacity to absorb change without changing their ecological quality. Attributes based on geomorphological processes and form.  Morphological Condition Limits can be set by expert judgment. If exceeded, they indicate that ecological status is at risk. The degree of morphological alteration and ecological status is related. The response of morphology to pressures is predictable and depends on morphological sensitivity. The response of ecology to morphological changes is predictable and depends on ecological sensitivity.","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Considers geomorphology and habitats\nSenstivity Matrix includes ecological indices\n","Morphological Condition Limits can be set by expert judgment","Riparian vegetation condition;\nChannel Type\nType and extent of engineering activities","Y",null,null,"http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/hydroworkshop/MImASPoster200209.pdf","helps define typology","morphological condition","Failure of Good ecological status\nMorphology","Topography\nSediment",null,"reach-scale",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,4,"Detailed","More complex models for detailed assessments and appraisal"]
[5,"Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)","Data analysis","waterbody edge detection","Water bodies can also be delineated using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) approach. This uses multi-spectral data (e.g. Landsat) and calculates a ratio value maximizing the difference between the green and near infrared bands. Water is a positive value while soil and terrestrial vegetation is zero or negative:\nNDWI = (Green-NIR)/(Green + NIR)\n","N","N","N","N","Y","N","Uses remotely sensed data","calibration","multi-spectral data;\n Green LiDAR data","N",null,"McFeeters, 1996","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248977024_The_use_of_the_Normalized_Difference_Water_Index_%28NDWI%29_in_the_delineation_of_open_water_features","NA","habitat","habitat ","NA",null,"catchment and regional"]
[6,"Fluvial Information System (APEM)","Strategic","detecting grain size and meso-habitat from aerial imagery ","New technological developments have now facilitated automated computer processing of aerial imagery to deliver habitat assessment surveys using remote sensing techniques, providing an accurate record of the various habitat characteristics within a river environment direct from the aerial survey camera equipment and software.\ngenerate large scale maps of river grain size and depth suitable for detailed geomorphological analysis. \n\nThe datasets can be subsequently combined with known salmonid habitat preferences from scientific literature to form fully replicable maps of likely juvenile salmonid habitat. The FIS can automatically generate grain size distribution statistics for a given river reach \n\nIt uses automated mesohabitat and grain size data extraction methodology is routinely commissioned by the EA to support fisheries work.(http://www.apemltd.co.uk/aerial-surveys-and-remote-sensing/onshore-services/fluvial-information-systems-(fis))","N","Y","N","N","Y","N","automated extraction of habitat information from aerial imagery","Dependent on ","requires license from APEM","N",null,null,"http://www.apemltd.co.uk/remote-sensing/fluvial-information-system-(fis)","Grainsize detected","Habitats; Fisheries","Ecological status","sediment grain size and depth;\nhabitat ",null,"across a range of scales"]
[7,"Remote sensing and RHS (JBA)","Strategic","Hydro-morphological change detection","There are numerous existing, catchment-wide datasets available across a variety of platforms that can be utilised to identify sediment sources and sink and to infer riverine and catchment processes. These datasets can also help to define hydro-morphological quality elements used to determine WFD Status classifications.  This was assessed by JBA (2012) for the EA R&D project that considered the use of remotely sensed data in quantifying hydro-morphological condition. A protocol for segmenting the watercourse and floodplain was developed to link with the approach used in the River Habitat Survey process","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","National coverage;\nCovers many of the catchment processes of interest here wo working with natural processes and uses key EA datasets.","Variable quality; limitation of RS data in small headwater streams where pixel resolution an issue;  errors associated with vegetated margins or floodplains - topography can be offset by 0.5m, or 1.5m for steep tree covered slopes","LiDAR DTM ","Y","Ribble",null,null,"helps define typology","sediment regulation, habitat","hydro-morphological quality elements","deposition/erosion; sinuosity; flooplain width, etc",null,"catchment scale"]
[8,"Fluvial Audit","Detailed","Understanding catchment-wide processes","Fluvial Audit is a very powerful tool in understanding catchment wide processes (as it considers both the channel and floodplain) and can be used to infer other mapping and modelling information.  It is a method to capture and identify river and floodplain processes and forms at all spatial and temporal scales and involves a site / catchment walkover as well as a desktop assessment (utilising some of the data listed above).  Included within this would be to identify dominant sediment sources, sinks and transport pathways at the catchment and local scale.  It allows a qualitative model of system functioning to be produced that can be used to describe system response over time and to imposed changes (such as flood mitigation measures).  ","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Considers channel and floodplain","Qualitative (but should be some physical quantification)","Cost of fieldworking ","N","River Irwell and Roch\nRibble","McIntyre and Thorne, 2013",null,"Helps define typology","geomorphological condition","physical modification","sediments, system typology","NA","reach"]
[9,"WFD Risk Assessment for physical modification","Strategic","River Basin Managment Planning. Assessing the risk of physical modification and its impacts on habitats and ecology for WFD","The risk of water bodies failing to achieve the Objectives of the Water Framework Directive will change over time and risk assessments methodologies and procedures need to be reviewed and updated where appropriate to account for this. These will inform the next River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) due for publication in 2015. The assessments cover two key questions:\n1. What is the risk of a water body not achieving its WFD Objectives?\n2. What is the risk of deterioration from the water bodies current class by 2027?\nKey activity areas creating pressure on rivers are barriers to fish; flood protection structures and activities; impoundments; land Drainage – operational management; Inland navigation; urbanisation; water level management and land use and sediment. Impoundment pressures have been evaluated for lakes and commercial fin and shell fisheries, ports and harbours for TraC water bodies.\nThe analysis identifies key source pressures associated with the activities listed above, moderated by system sensitivity, and links these directly to hydromorphic impact which is then quantified using the UKTAG risk reporting criteria at a water body scale. \nThe risk of deterioration is assessed with respect to predicted trends in climate change, population and land use, moderated by mitigation measures proposed in the River Basin Management Plans. Altered hydromorphic impact is then quantified using the UKTAG risk reporting criteria at a water body scale.\nAll risk results are mapped at a water body scale together with individual source pressure scores and these data are summarised as interactive GeoPDFs and in short Operations reports. \n","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Looked at sensitivity of waterbodies to various pressures, including potential flood defence pressures, using the EA typology;\nCould be used to understand the impacts of new licenses to modify watercourses.","Based on a large amount of data that is continually changing - needs to be dynamic. Some datasets are poorly populated leading to low confidence in some of the status predictions.","GIS data not online","Y","Medlock",null,"http://www.geostore.com/environmentagency/Physical_Modification_Evidence_Summary_v2_1_external.pdf","assessment of modification","habitat / barrier to fish passage /","physical modification","presence of in-stream modification; slope; ",null,"National screening"]
[10,"Aerial Imagery","Data analysis","Bank erosion, river type","There are numerous sources of aerial imagery at a catchment scale across the UK, with varying degrees of accuracy e.g. Google Earth, Ordnance Survey, Bing Mapping, EA aerial imagery database, UAV technology, etc  Datasets can be used to identify: \nSignificant areas of erosion and deposition within the channel and floodplain and broad sediment types (e.g. bedrock, cobbles, gravels, fine sediment)\nCatchment wide sediment sources such as valley sides, scree slopes, etc.\nFlow types (hydraulic habitats) within the channel (dependent on quality of imagery)\nStructure and condition of the riparian zone\nChannel change over time where historic datasets exist and can be compared to current\nRed-green spectral analysis of available aerial imagery can be used to generate water depth information in deeper water zones (quality dependent). \nLand use changes over time\n\n","N","Y","N","N","Y","N","National coverage, improving resolutions","Vertical scaling issues, cannot see below water surface","Google Earth licensing\nBing maps\n","N","Elwy","Legleiter et al., 2004",null,"Visual interpretation required","sediments and habitat","physical modification","sediments, system typology",null,"National screening"]
[11,"Compact Aerial Scanning Imager CASI ","Strategic","remote sensing / multi-spectral scanning","The Environment Agency has run CASI surveys alongside LiDAR and /or aerial photography and this multi-spectral data has been used widely within environmental applications within the EA. CASI offers a multi-spectral / hyper-spectral dataset which is widely available and provides ortho-rectified data from the visible and near infrared portion of the spectrum (between 400nm and 1000nm). Such datasets provide considerable potential for automated processing","N","Y","N","N","N","N","can be used for used for mapping biophysical parameters such as leaf area index","ground truthing","Environment Agency  holds various datasets","N",null,null,null,"land cover  ","habitat",null,null,null,"catchment and national"]
[12,"Detailed River Network/ OS Water Layer","Strategic","Stream order, network density, connectivity","DRN, to be updated to OS Water Layer shortly; This will be the definitive large scale network of Great Britain and is being built in collaboration with the EA, SEPA, CEH and others. As it is a network built from the MasterMap water polygons the centreline will fall within the river and will be richly attributed with topological and river related information. The WaterLayer will replace the DRN and incorporate regular MasterMap updates. More information can be found here:","Y","Y","N","N","Y","N","Foundation of numerous transport and risk models\nExtremely useful dataset for characterising or storing catchment characteristics against\n","Does not automatically have stream order, although there are gIS toolsto add.\nCurrency - not sure of update programme","http://data.gov.uk/dataset/detailed-river-network-wms licsnse is ","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation",null,"http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/business-and-government/products/water-layer.html","stream order","spatial data pertaining to different services can be attributed to the DRN, but it is just a vector dataset","NA","reach length, location, unique ID","NA","catchment scale and national"]
[13,"Ordnance Survey Open Rivers OpenData  ","Strategic","Stream order, network density, connectivity","This has less detail than the DRN, but very similar for main river watercourses, so could be used for larger rivers","Y","Y","N","N","Y","N","Foundation of numerous transport and risk models\nExtremely useful dataset for characterising or storing catchment characteristics against\n","\nCurrency - not sure of update programme","OS opendata statement","Y",null,null,null,"stream order","spatial data pertaining to different services can be attributed to the network but it is just a vector dataset","useful to attribute these properties to","useful to attribute these properties to","NA","catchment scale and national"]
[14,"River Habitat Survey (RHS)","Strategic","Assessment of a rivers habitat quality and river characteristics based on physical structures. ","The River Habitat Survey (RHS) assesses a 500m length of river channel for its habitat quality and character based on its physical structure. The assessment has four components; (1) a standard field survey method (systematic collection of data associated with the physical structures of the watercourse) , (2) a computer database (contains results from survey sites, which can be cross compared), (3) various methods for assessing the habitats quality, and (4) a system for describing the extent of artificial channel modification. The habitat quality assessment within the RHS assesses the occurance of habitat features with known wildlife value  at an observed site to a site known to possess similar characteristics. A baseline sample of river habitat features exists and can be consulted. ","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Coverage - very large coverage of systematic site walkover data;\n","Expense of fieldwork:\nAvailability of GIS data","http://www.riverhabitatsurvey.org/rhs-doc/the-survey/ ","Y","Ribble","The RHS Team,\nEnvironment Agency,\nRichard Fairclough House,\nKnutsford Road,\nWarrington,\nCheshire WA4 1HG\nTel: 01925 653999\nFax: 01925 415961\nE-mail: rhs@environment-agency.gov.uk","http://www.riverhabitatsurvey.org/rhs-doc/the-survey/ ","Detailed hydro and geomorphology","sediment and  flood regulation, habitat and biodiversity","ecological status","habitat condition","NA","small scale, but spot sampling "]
[15,"Land Cover Map, 2007","Data and Datasets","Identify land cover / use","The latest Land Cover Map (LCM 2007) from CEH uses satellite classification constrained by MasterMap boundaries. The dataset identifies 23 classes of land use based on the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Broad Habitats.","Y","N","N","N","N","Y",null,"currency","Licensed product","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation",null,"http://www.ceh.ac.uk/landcovermap2007.html","key factos such as urban / rural","Habitats","indicator of degree of modification","land cover types ",null,"national"]
[16,"CORINE land cover (CLC) data and land use change data","Data and Datasets","Identify land cover / use","The Corine Land Cover inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990). Updates have been produced in 2000 and 2006, and the latest 2012 update is under production. It consists of an inventory of land cover in 44 classes. CLC uses a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 25 ha for areal phenomena and a minimum width of 100 m for linear phenomena. The time series are complemented by change layers, which highlight changes in land cover with an MMU of 5 ha.\nCLC is produced by visual interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery. The Eionet networks National Reference Centres Land Cover (NRC/LC) are producing the national CLC databases, which are coordinated and integrated by EEA. The 2012 version of CLC is the first one embedding the CLC time series in a structural context of the Copernicus programme.\nCLC has a wide variety of applications, underpinning various Community policies in the domains of environment, but also agriculture, transport, spatial planning etc…","Y","N","N","N","N","Y","Opensource and change through time can be analysed","resolution - not as detailed as LCM2007?","Opendata","Y","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project","http://www.epa.ie/soilandbiodiversity/soils/land/corine/#.VUEBwSdwaM8","http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/land-cover-2006-and-changes-1","key factos such as urban / rural","Habitats","indicator of degree of modification","land cover types , land use change by comparing years",null,"National"]
[17,"Fluvial and Coastal Flood Zone Maps","Data and Datasets","Maps which indicate areas at risk of receiving fluvial or coastal flooding for the 100 year (Flood Zone 3) and 1000 year (Flood Zone 2) year return periods","\nFlooding from rivers or sea without defences - the natural flood plain area that could be affected in the event of flooding from rivers and the sea  For flooding from rivers the map indicates the extent of a flood with a 1% (1 in 100) or greater chance of happening each year\n For flooding from the sea the map shows the extent of a flood with a 0.5% (1 in 200) or greater chance of happening each year\nExtent of extreme flood - the extent of a flood with a 0.1% (1 in 1000) or greater chance of happening each year\nFlood defences - flood defences such as embankments and walls, and flood storage areas (which are areas of land designed and operated to store flood water)\n","Y","N","Y","Y","N","N","Information from detailed models included explicitly","Do not take into account defence failure","on-line","Y","Woodlands for Water","Bradbrook et al., 2005","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Typology will have been considered in the design hydrographs based on FEH catchment descriptors","moderation of floods","more related to floods directive","flow depth, extent",null,"National "]
[18,"NaFRA and Risk of Flooding from Rivers and the Sea","Strategic","Maps which indicate flood risk that takes into account defence fragility. 50 m resolution grid squares.","Maps of the likelihood of flooding in four bands. Generated through use of RASP algorithm, using concept of source-pathway and receptors that takes into account defence fragility curves. ","Y","N","Y","Y","N","N","Take into account local defence condition, construction and fragility\nUse the RASP approach tto take into account defence failure as well as overtopping","flood extents based on Rapid Flood Spreading Model are more uncertain than those from detailed 1d-2d models. \nLocal understanding of flood risk has not been fully built in, relies on expert judgement\n","Requires detailed defence level geo data ","Y",null,"ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2008a. National Assessment of Flood Risk (NaFRA): RASP methodology, Bristol: Environment Agency","http://data.gov.uk/dataset/risk-of-flooding-from-rivers-and-sea","hydrograph shape dependent on FEH descriptors","flooding and impacts ","more related to floods directive","flow depth, extent and risk of flooding",null,"National "]
[19,"updated Flood Map for Surface Water (uFMfSW)","Strategic","Detailed, 2m resolution flood mapping of flash flooding","Updated in 2013 for the Environment Agency, the uFMfSW which covers England and Wales is a single map compiling  information from the EA's national surface water flood map with Lead Local Flood Authority maps. The uFMfSW meets the Flood Risk Regulations by assessing flood scenarios (as a result of rainfall) at the following magnitudes; 1 in 30 year, 1 in 100 year and 1 in 1000 year. Natural drainage channels, rivers, topographic lows in floodplains and flow paths between buildings are identified within the surface water map. ","Y","N","N","N","Y","N","High resolution data (2m national)\n'Ground Truthed by numerous Local Authorities ","Only shows flooding as a result of local rainfall and doesn't show flooding when the cause is catchment wide rainfall e.g. from overflowing watercourses, drainage systems or public sewers.                                                          Not suitable to assess flood risk to a single property - varying degrees of reliability. ","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Y","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project","ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2013d, What is the updated Flood Map for Surface Water? (http://publications.environmentagency.gov.uk)","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Losses model of ReFH is controlled by local values of SPRHOST and PROPWET","flood moderation","more related to floods directive","flow depth, extent, velocity, risk to people index","Hunter et al, 2009, and EA, SC120002 (http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/Libraries/FCERM_Project_Documents/SC120002_Benchmarking_2D_hydraulic_models_Report.sflb.ashx)","National at 2m"]
[20,"Areas Susceptible to Groundwater Flooding","Strategic","Mapping of areas with geology such as chalk subject to groundwater flooding","Areas Susceptible to Groundwater Flooding (AStGWF) is a strategic scale map showing groundwater flood areas on a 1km square grid. It was developed specifically by the Environment Agency for use by Lead Local Flood Authorities (LLFAs) for use in Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) as required under the Flood Risk Regulations. The data was produced to annotate indicative Flood Risk Areas for PFRA with information to allow LLFAs to determine whether there may be a risk of flooding from groundwater. It is also being made available to LLFAs to support PFRA, so that LLFAs can obtain a broad feel for the wider areas which might be at risk from groundwater flooding. It covers England and Wales.\nThis data has used the top two susceptibility bands of the British Geological Society (BGS) 1:50,000 Groundwater Flood Susceptibility Map and thus covers consolidated aquifers (chalk, sandstone etc., termed 'clearwater' in the data attributes) and superficial deposits. It does not take account of the chance of flooding from groundwater rebound. It shows the proportion of each 1km grid square where geological and hydrogeological conditions show that groundwater might emerge. The susceptible areas are represented by one of four area categories (listed below) showing the proportion of each 1km square that is susceptible to groundwater emergence. It does not show the likelihood of groundwater flooding occurring.","Y","N","N","N","N","N","broadscale assessment of flood risk","1km grid so not fine resolution","BGS","N",null,"see website","http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/datainfo/GFSD.html","Takes into account geology","flood moderation","more related to floods directive","4 categories of susceptibility to GW flooding",null,"National 1km grid"]
[21,"NFM screening tool for SEPA","Strategic",null,"SEPA have incorporated information on multiple sources of flooding, and proposed to build 6 maps containing the following. The project will discuss the method in the next phase.\no Areas of high runoff generation\no Areas of floodplain storage potential\no Opportunities to remove hydraulic constrictions\no Areas of heightened hydromorphological activity\no Areas of estuarine surge attenuation potential; and \no Wave energy attenuation potential.\n","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","strategic overview of areas susceptible to GW flooding nationally","Only takes into account certain types of groundwater flooding, and not for instance flooding through alluvial gravels etc.","BGS","Y",null,"SEPA, 2012, Methods to Screen and Quantify Natural Flood Management Effects Scottish Environment Protection Agency & Forestry Commission Scotland, May 2012","http://www.geostore.com/environment-agency/WebStore?xml=staticweb/xml/dataLayers_ASGWF.xml","various constraints such as slope, land cover, floodplain extent","flood moderation","more related to floods directive","potential for storage / attenuation",null,"National"]
[22,"FARM and PERM tool","Strategic","Flood risk and nutrients","The Floods and Agriculture Risk Matrix (FARM) and Phosphorus Export Risk Matrix (PERM) are Decision Support Matrix designed to help assess the risk of flooding and nutrient export from farm land and to explore options for reducing these risks.","Y","N","N","N","N","Y","Decision Support tool that can be used by land managers to identify risks –\nDiffuse pollution and flooding\n","Conceptual based approach, limited to field by field assessment","DTM, hydrological and nutrient models","Y","see website","Caspar J.M. Hewett, Paul F. Quinn, A. Louise Heathwaite, Aidan Doyle, Sean Burke, Paul G. Whitehead, David N. Lerner\n A multi-scale framework for strategic management of diffuse pollution Environmental Modelling & Software\nVolume 24, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 74–85\n\n","https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/","Through FEH descriptors amnd Tp","Flood risk; nutrients considered ","more related to floods directive","runoff and time to peak, changes in hydrographs",null,"catchment"]
[23,"Blanket rainfall and runoff with 2d model, e.g. JFLOW / TUFLOW","Strategic","Overland flow pathways and ","Overland 2d flow modelling software such as JFLOW or TUFLOW can be used to model the impacts of particular NFM measures such as increased distributed storage (edited onto a DTM), changes to land use (e.g. buffer strips or afforestation) . This approach was used for the national updated Flood Map for Surface Water, using the ReFH rainfall-runoff model to modeify the percentage runoff through an event through dynamically accounting for soil moisture storage.","Y","N","N","N","N","N","Very fast, and allows a range of NFM type interventions to be explored rapidly in terms of their effect on:\n• Storage\n• Reduction in peak flow at any location\n• Retardation of peak flow timing\n• A range of options","Interaction with in-stream assets is only approximate","DTM, 2D overland flow model","N","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project","e.g. see : HANKIN, B., WALLER, S., ASTLE, G., KELLAGHER, R. 2008. Mapping Space for Water: Screening for Urban Flash Flooding. Journal of Flood Risk Management, June 2008 Vol 1, Issue 1, pp13-22","see software suppliers","Different types of flooding for different typologies - urban, groundwater, eetc","flood moderation","more related to floods directive","flood depths, extents, etc","SC120002","catchment and national"]
[24,"1D simplified routing model Model, ISIS, MIKE11, HEC-RAS","Strategic",null,null,"N","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","rapid construction and ability to understand timing of interaction of peaks","Set up based on LiDAR","LiDAR / software","N","Elwy",null,"see software suppliers","More considered in the generation of inflows to be routed","flood moderation","hydromorphology","flow, levels, velocities","widely used in industry","reach length / catchment scale"]
[25,"1D Hydrodynamic Model, ISIS, MIKE11, HEC-RAS","Detailed","In-channel hydraulics, influence of barriers","1d flood models to assess the impacts of defence assets and channel maintenance on conveyance and flood risk, through modifying cross sectional geometry and assessing changes in conveyance capacity.","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Accurate understanding of afflux from in channel assets and features\n","Expensive to set up if no existing model","Survey; software","N","Burnley / Medlock",null,"see software suppliers","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","flood moderation","hydromorphology","flow, levels, velocities","widely used in industry","reach length / catchment scale"]
[26,"HEC-RAS v5.0 release 2015","Detailed","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling","This new release permits fully 1d-2d coupled hydrodynamic equations to be solved simulatneously.  The mesh generation is flexible, boundary fitting, and also computes sub-grid conveyance  such that a coarse computational cell can be used for speed, without losing details of sub-grid topography such as channels etc.","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","A major advantage for WwNP is how HEC-RAS 2D pre-computes of conveyance based on sub-grid topography such that a coarse grid can be used for speed, but details of drainge ditches can be retained","Relatively new to 2d, but initial testing suggests it compares well with other 2d solvers.","Survey, LiDAR","Y",null,null,"http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","flood moderation","hydromorphology","flow, levels, velocities","widely used in industry","reach and catchment"]
[27,"ISIS-Tuflow 1d-2d","Detailed","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling","An industry standard for detailed flood risk management.\nISIS has a 1D dynamic bed module that allows for simulation of bed change over time by specifying various sediment information and applicable transport equations suitable for the identified reach","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Large user-group and many existing Environment Agency detailed models are built with this combination","High costs to set up","Survey, LiDAR","N",null,null,"see software suppliers","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","flood moderation","hydromorphology","flow, levels, velocities","widely used in industry","reach and catchment"]
[28,"MIKE  FLOOD 1d-2d","Detailed","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling","MIKE FLOOD is a comprehensive modelling package covering all the major aspects of flood modelling and a tool for understanding urban flooding, analysing scenarios and testing mitigation measures. MIKE FLOOD integrates flood plains, streets, rivers, coastal areas and sewer/storm water systems into one package.","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Simulate a series of flood events over time","High costs to set up ","Survey, LiDAR","N",null,null,"see software suppliers","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","flood moderation","hydromorphology","flow, levels, velocities","widely used in industry","reach and catchment"]
[29,"Modelling and Decision Support Framework, MDSF2","Detailed","Calculating Flood risk in a probabilistic framework that includes defence failure following NFM intervention. Produces risk maps and apportionment of risk.","MDSF2 is the EA tool for assessment of flood risk that can take into account multiple sources, and defence failure through the use of defence fragility curves that are based on construction and condition grade. The user has to provide MDSF2 with extreme flood risk data from detailed modelling (1d/2d) for compartmentalized Monte-Carlo sampling of the probability of failure of each defence asset, and the consequent flooding. The tool uses the RFSM to spread water across a DTM, which is known to be approximate. It computes the impacts of thousands of defence over-topping and failure modes, until the long term expected impacts stabilises or it reaches a maximum sample number.","Y","N","Y","Y","N","N","Rapid sampling of thousands of defence failure modes","Not many people have the combination of risk science and advanced GIS skills required to use it\nNumerous assumptions about defence elevations and water movement","DTM, detailed modelling, Defence data based on NFCDD or AIMS (this should improve following State of the Nation)","N","MDSF2 beta testing report\nNaFRA Method improvements Project\n",null,"Environment Agency software","Throguh flood estimation techniques","Economic Benefits saved for modelled schemes ","hydromorphology","risk, damages",null,"catchment and national"]
[30,"Framework and Tools for local flooding","Detailed","Calculating Determinstic Flood risk following NFM intervention","SC070059 - Framework and Tools for Local Flood Risk Assessment’\nArcGIS software for computing deterministic flood impacts for different scenarios using Multi-Coloured Manual depth-damages that was developed for the EA Science Project.","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","SC070059 - Framework and Tools for Local Flood Risk Assessment’","Requires ArcGIS license","Flood hazard data;\nReceptor data (NRD etc)","Y","N","N","http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/Default/FCRM/Project.aspx?ProjectID=414C06F0-70C5-4CFB-9D38-F4D4CAB26FB9&PageId=a0fe6dfc-506a-452c-9bff-a7ec06b4e6b0","NA","Economic Benefits saved for modelled schemes ","NA","impacts, damages","N","catchment"]
[31,"Cellular Automaton Evolutionary Slope and River Model (CAESAR) and CAESAR-LISFLOOD","Detailed","Sediment transport","CAESAR is a 2D flow and sediment transport model that can simulate morphological changes in river catchments and reaches, with potential to simulate thousands of years of data. \nCaesar Lisflood is a geomorphological / Landscape evolution model that combines the Lisflood-FP 2d hydrodynamic flow model (Bates et al, 2010) with the CAESAR geomorphic model to simulate erosion and deposition in river catchments and reaches over time scales from hours to 1000's of years","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","open source","Requires significant sediment size and load information that is expensive to gather","Opensource (https://code.google.com/p/caesar-lisflood/)","Y","Pontbren (Thorne et al, 2010)","Coulthard, 2013\nMcIntyre and Thorne, 2013","http://www.coulthard.org.uk/","It is a sediment transport model","flood moderation","hydromorphology","sediments",null,"reach and catchment"]
[32,"HEC-SIAM (HEC-RAS)","Detailed","Sediment mobilisation","Able to quantify local sediment imbalances and downstream sediment yields under different catchment and river management scenarios","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","N","Rapid assessment of catchment wide scenarios","Requires transfer of morphological change data to another flood model to demonstrate impacts on flood levels","see HEC website","Y","River Tone","\nMcIntyre and Thorne, 2013.\n",null,"It is a sediment transport model","flood moderation","hydromorphology","sediments",null,"reach and catchment"]
[33,"SHETRAN","Detailed","Land use management change and hydrology","SHETRAN is a physically-based spatially-distributed hydrological model. It can be used to investigate the impacts of land use management changes on hydrological processes through multiple scales","Y","Y","N","N","Y","Y","Can model or water flow, solute and sediment transport in river catchments at multiple scales and multiple resolutions. Consideration of detailed catchment processes","Issues with complexity and equifinality","see website for details","Y",null,"see website","http://research.ncl.ac.uk/shetran/","Has additional components for sediment erosion and transport and for contaminant transport integrated into the system","contaminant transport possible, hydromorphology","hydromorphology","sediments",null,"catchment"]
[34,"TOPMODEL and Dynamic TOPMODEL","Detailed","Hydrology: predicts saturation excess and infiltration excess surface runoff and subsurface stormflow","TOPMODEL is a rainfall-runoff model that bases its distributed predictions on an analysis of catchment topography. The model predicts saturation excess and infiltration excess surface runoff and subsurface stormflow. Since the first article was published about the model in 1979 there have been many different versions. The idea has always been that the model should be simple enough to be modified by the user so that the predictions conform as far as possible to the user's perceptions of how a catchment works. The distributed outputs from the model (as shown in the demonstration screen below) help in such assessments. \n\nPeter Metcalfe (Lancaster PhD, sponsored by JBA Trust) has developed an open-source version of this widely used rainfall-runoff model which can be used to assess the influence of topographic ‘damming’ at the field scale on flood peaks and storage.  Dynamic TOPMODEL can be used for small watersheds in a study area to understand the impact on flood risk downstream","Y","N","Y","Y","Y","N","Low parameter numbers,\nSimple enough to be modified by the user so that the predictions conform as far as possible to the user's perceptions of how a catchment works.",null,"Free R version available : http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/topmodel/topmodel.pdf","Y","Numerous","Beven and Kirkby, 1979","http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/topmodel/topmodel.pdf","Through  hydrological response units thhat are dependent on  slope, etc","flood moderation","NA",null,"see:Beven, K.J., 1997,  'TOPMODEL: A Critique. Hydrological Processes Volume 11, Issue 9,  pages 1069–1085, July 1997\n","catchment scale"]
[35,"MOPS spreadsheets","Detailed","Costs of diffuse pollution mitigation","To determine the cost of the approaches, simple financial spreadsheet models were constructed at both farm and regional levels. Taking into account crop areas, crop rotation margins per hectare were calculated to reflect the costs of crop establishment, fertiliser and agro-chemical applications, harvesting, and the associated labour and machinery costs. Variable and operating costs associated with each mitigation option were then incorporated to demonstrate the impact on the relevant crop enterprise and crop rotation margins. These costs were then compared to runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss data obtained from monitoring hillslope-length scale field plots. Each of the mitigation options explored in this study had potential for reducing sediment and phosphorus losses from arable land under cereal crops. Sediment losses were reduced from between 9 kg ha−1 to as much as 4780 kg ha−1 with a corresponding reduction in phosphorus loss from 0.03 kg ha−1 to 2.89 kg ha−1. In percentage terms reductions of phosphorus were between 9% and 99%. Impacts on crop rotation margins also varied. Minimum tillage resulted in cost savings (up to £50 ha−1) whilst other options showed increased costs (up to £19 ha−1 for straw residue incorporation). Overall, the results indicate that each of the options has potential for on-farm implementation. However, tramline management appeared to have the greatest potential for reducing runoff, sediment, and phosphorus losses from arable land (between 69% and 99%) and is likely to be considered cost-effective with only a small additional cost of £2–4 ha−1, although further work is needed to evaluate alternative tramline management methods. (Bailey et al., 2013)","N","N","N","N","Y","Y","Compilation of costs from wide range of studies","Scale issue - costing spreadsheet not scale dependent?","see http://mops2.diffusepollution.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Deasy_et_al.2010_TheEnvironmentalist.pdf","Y",null,"Bailey et al, 2013","http://mops2.diffusepollution.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Deasy_et_al.2010_TheEnvironmentalist.pdf","more about land use","Costs of mitigation","Water quality / ecology","econmics",null,"catchment"]
[36,"FARMSCOPER (FARM Scale Optimisation of Pollutant Emission Reductions)","Detailed","Costs and benefits of CSF interventions","This free decision support tool created by ADAS is designed to assist with determinging the diffuse agricultural pollution loads to a farm. The tool also has the capability of quantifying the potential impacts (biodiversity, water use and energy use) of utitilising over 100 different farm pollution mitigation methods. A degree of customisation exisits within the tool; farm systems can be modified to reflect representative management and environmental conditions at the farm.","N","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","Quantification of a range of services for different measures","Based onfixed types of interventions and assumptions aoiut emissions","unrestricted","N","Zhang et al., 2012 - Hampshire Avon","see website","http://www.adas.uk/Services/Service/farmscoper-397 ","more about land use","water quality","Water quality / ecology","econmics",null,"farm-scale"]
[37,"Catchment Change Matrix (CCM)","Detailed","Estimates pollutant reductions associated with control methods, calculating their cumulative effect","Using a modelled baseline the Catchment Change Matrix (CCM) estimates pollution reductions associated with varying control methods, generating their cumulative effect. The reductions are based on previously qauntified effects from measures within the 'Inventory of methods to control Diffuse Water Pollutants from Agriculture (DWPA)'. ",null,null,null,null,null,"Y","Very large database covering 100,000 farms at holding level","Availability?","restricted / data protection?","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","see https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/429216/Annex_4_River_Avon_Nutrient_Management_Plan_Technical_Annex_Final_30_April_2015.pdf","Held by the Environment gency CSF team","more about land use","food production;","Water quality / ecology","emission loads of nutrients and FIOs",null,"catchment and national"]
[38,"NEAP-N and MAGPIE","Strategic","National scale assessment of Nitrate leachates from agricultural land - predicts annual average soil drainage, total nitrate load and peak nitrate concentrations in agricultural leachate ","The National Environment and Agricultural Pollution Nitrate (NEAP-N) model predicts annual average soil drainage, total nitrate load and peak nitrate concentrations in agricultural leachate at a national scale. The tool forms part of the MAGPIE model which supports and develops government policies on mitrate leaching. ","N","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","National coverage, used for WFD","diffuse concentrations require correction when for example imprtoed to an in-channel model such as SIMCAT","Y","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Lord, E. and Anthony, S. 2000. MAGPIE: a modelling framework for evaluating nitrate\nlosses at national and catchment scales. Soil Use and Management 16, pp 167-174","ADAS","more about land use","food production;","Water quality / ecology","nitrate concentration, flow (HER)",null,"national"]
[39,"SIMCAT","Detailed","Water quality modelling ","SIMCAT is a stochastic deterministic river water quality model which is capable of simulating the rivers flow and water quality at any given point within the river catchment. The model can be used to assess the impact of discharges into the river. River water quality, discharge quality and flow are statistically expressed.  This tool is widely used by EA, SEPA and NRW for setting pollution consents and planning puroposes, to assessing polluted waters from P and NO3 under EC drivers. ","N","Y",null,"N","Y","Y","Widely used by the EA and partners \nSimple concepts\nFlexible as to where point and diffuse sources are added","No land phase so user must have access to diffuse pollution concentrations\nlack of transparency with source code and versioning","Apply to Environment Agency for license","Y","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/5979557/a-review-of-currently-available-in-stream-water-quality-models-and-their-applicability-for","Held by the Environment Agency","Uses a lot of monitoring data dependent on typology","purification","Water quality / ecology","A range of water quality determinands",null,"catchment and national"]
[40,"SAGIS","Detailed","ArcGIS front-end to SIMCAT that incorporates gridded diffuse pollutant data","SAGIS is a GIS implementation of SIMCAT which combines a large number diffuse pollutants and attempts to incorporate loads from continuous and intermittent discharges. It was funded through UKWIR R&D, under a project in 2012.","N","Y",null,"N","Y","Y","Spatial represnetation of widely used SIMCAT model","Outputs from project not clear yet\n","Can be requested from EA for EA projects - but was based on an UKWIR R&D project so incurs costs","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Daldorf, 2013, CEH workshop","NA","N","N","Water quality / ecology","A range of water quality determinands","Can be compared against SIMCAT","regional and national"]
[41,"Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ","Detailed","complete catchment modelling of hydrology and wate rquality","SWAT is an open-source semi-distributed hydrology and water quality model capable of modelling nutrient and suspended sediment transport. The model is capable of assessing water resource and non-point source pollution issues at a variety of scales, covering a range of environmental conditions.  It requires detailed datasets, and builds Hydrological Response Units from unique combinations of Land Cover (LCM2007, CORINE), Soils (NSRI / NATMAP) and slope (derived from a DTM).  The hydrology is based on the US SCS curve approach, and the model has the full nutrient cycles. ","Y","Y",null,"Y","Y","Y","Capable of continuous simulation over a long period of time.                                                          Capable of modelling irrigation practises.                                                Possible to account for conservation practises; terraces, strip cropping, contouring, grassed waterways, filter strips and conservation tillage.                                                                                      Multiple applications                                    Combines upland and channel processes into one simulation package.                                                  Flexible framework ","Simplified processes used.                               Hydrologic Response Units (HSU) are non-spatial - and can lead to lack of spatial detail.                     ","Watershed dimensions, daily precipitation,  max & min temperatures, solar radiation data,relative humidity, wind speed data, potential and actual evapotranspiration, knowledge of plant cover and land use/ management, soil data (physical and chemical properties), channel characteristics","Y","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Gassman et al. (2007); Neitsch et al. (2002) ","http://swat.tamu.edu/ ","Using HRU type approach - land use,  soil and slope classes are set up","flood moderation and wate purification","Water quality / ecology","flows sub surface and surface, a range of water quality determinands","US EPA has tight restrictions on adopting models, and this is one of them","catchment scale"]
[42,"INCA-P","Detailed","Models Phosphorous within the cacthement - can link to land use changes and management ","This process based, semi-distributed, mass balance model is capable of assessing the effects of multiple Phosphorus sources on water quality and aquatic ecology within heterogeneous river systems. The semi-distributed representation of land uses within the river system enables the impact of management practises such as fertiliser application to be assessed. The model has four components; GIS interface (displays sub-catchment boundaries and calculates the areas of different land uses), a land-phase hydrological model (calculates flow through the soil and groundwater from effective rainfall and direct runoff), land-phase P model (simulates P stores and transformations within the soil and groundwater) and the in-stream P model (simulates in stream P dilations  and transformations, showing the corresponding growth responses from algal, epiphyte and macrophyte ciommunities). The model requires the user to provide hydrologically effective rainfall (HER) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) time series. ","Y","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","Widely used at a strategic level in the UK - also used in SAGIS on a 1km grid","requires some calibration for in-water estimates of soluble reactive phosphate","Total Phosphorus and Soluble Reactive Phosphorus streamwater concentrations, 1 km2 resolution land use data, daily precipitation record, daily discahrges, flow velocities, daily MORECS rainfall, temperature and soil moisture data, base flow index, a survey of fertiliser application practises including timings of applications, survey of growing season, hydrological effective rainfall (HER) ","N","Eden","Wade et al. (2002); Whitehead et al. (2007)  ","http://www.reading.ac.uk/geographyandenvironmentalscience/research/INCA/","Land use only and external hydrology","water purifcation; food production","Water quality / ecology","Phophorus in a range of states",null,"catchment scale"]
[43,"INCA-N","Detailed","Models Nitrogen within the cacthement - can link to land use changes and management ","This process based, semi-distributed, mass balance model is capable of assessing the effects of multiple Nitrogen sources on water quality and aquatic ecology within heterogeneous river systems. The semi-distributed representation of land uses within the river system enables the impact of management practises such as fertiliser application to be assessed. The model has five components; GIS interface (displays sub-catchment boundaries and calculates the areas of different land uses), a nitrogen input model, a hydrological model , a catchment nitrogen process model and a river nitrogen process model. The model requires the user to provide hydrologically effective rainfall (HER) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) time series. ","Y","N",null,null,null,"Y","Widely used - at 1km for strategic studies, also used in SAGIS and CSF modelling",null,"Mean daily flow, stream water nitrate and ammonium concentrations ( as nitrogen and loads from cacthment land uses and vegetation types), daily rainfall and temperatures, soil moisture deficit, hydrological effective rainfall (HER), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen,  fertiliser applications, land uses, soil N process rates, crop management ","Y","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Bastrup-Birk and Gundersen (2004); Neal et al. (2002); Whitehead et al. (2007) ","http://www.reading.ac.uk/geographyandenvironmentalscience/research/INCA/","Land use only and external hydrology","water purifcation; food production","Water quality / ecology","Nitrate in a range of states, plus Runoff",null,"catchment scale"]
[44,"HYPE","Strategic","Integrated diffuse pollution modelling","HYPE is an open-source semi-distributed Swedish hydrological water quality nutrient package. It is a process-based integrated catchment model that can be applied to small and large scale water resource assessments. The landscape is divided into three classes according to soil type, vegetation and altitude. Soil can be divided into three layers and water and substances are routed through the  same flow and storage paths.  It incorporates phosphorus and nitrate nutrient cycles and uses a combination of land cover (e.g. CORINE, LCM2007) and soils (e.g. NSRI NATMAP) to derive hydrological response units. It has been implemented at the European level and there is a growing community of users. It is used by Swedish water authorities to characterise, forecast and perform scenario analyses for water resources and nutrient status to help meet WFD targets. ","Y","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","Free, with downloadable source code;\nnew wiki pages","Requires time to understand how to set up;\nstill a strategic level tool","Completely open-source with source code avaiable","Y","Weaver","http://hype.sourceforge.net/","http://hype.sourceforge.net/","Using HRU type approach - land use and  soil classes are set up","flood  moderation and water purification","water quality / ecology","runoff, soil moisture deficit, evapotranspiration, water quality - phosphorus and nitrate",null,"reach, catchment and national"]
[45,"Fieldmouse","Detailed",null,null,"Y","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","Covers land and water phase\nSpatial S-P-R Framework\nintermediate model making use of a lot of spatial data","Annual average values\n","EA aiming for open software version in the long term","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Poster at international Diffuse Pollution Conference, Berlin, 2015","http://www.catchmentbasedapproach.org/best-practice/use-data/fieldmouse","Through consideration of a loss rate dependent on lsoils, land cover and slope","water purification","water quality / ecology","flow, load and concentrations for a range of water quality determinands",null,"catchment"]
[46,"SCIMAP","Strategic","Diffuse pollution risk mapping","SCIMAP is an open-source (web-based) diffuse pollution risk mapping package. It can be used with DTM (requires topographic resolution of 10m or finer e.g. NEXTMAP or OS Landform Profile) and land use data (e.g. CORINE, LCM2007) as well as annual average rainfall data in order to understand the risks of erosion and deposition of diffuse pollutant sources. It operates at a landscape scale and results in targeting mitigation actions at a landscape scale. It maps source risk areas and connections to rivers or lakes. It has a wide range of users in academia as well as the Environment Agency. ","Y","Y","N","N","Y","Y","Website version, very easy to use and large user community","Risk maps rather than sediment transport\nSmall-scale management features are not represented in the spatial datasets and hence cannot be represented. ","DTM (at least 10m) and Land Cover","Y","Has been used by EA,  NE and Rivers Trusts on a wide range of projects including investigating CSF;","Milledge et al., (2009); Reaney et al., (2007)","http://www.scimap.org.uk/","Land cover map and slope","sediment and erosion regulation","hydromorphological condition","sediment risk maps",null,"catchment"]
[47,"MIKE SHE","Detailed",null,"MIKE SHE is a physically based, distributed,  intergrated cacthment model capable of modelling groundwater, surface water, recharge and evapotranspiration. ","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y",null,null,"requires license from DHI","N","Glaven","see https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-she","http://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-she ","through changing boundary conditions ","flood regulation","Water quality / ecology","Flow and runoff processes",null,"reach and catchment"]
[48,"MIKE BASIN / changing to MIKE HYDRO Basins","Detailed","Simplified catchment scale modelling of complex networks - allows for continuous flow simulation, distributed routing, water quality. Soon to be updated in standalone software not linled to ArcGIS","MIKE BASIN  is a quasi-steady state mass balance model which combines an ArcGIS interface with hydrological modelling to enable the analysis of water resources and water quality issues. The model comprises of a network of branches, representing individual stream sections and nodes, representing confluences, diversions, reservoirs or water users. ","Y","N","N","N","Y","Y","Simplified represnetation of in-channel flows requiring lss data than a hydrodynamic model that requires cross section survey","Difficult to use and conceptualise; help difficult to follow","requires license from DHI","N","Yorkshire Water Don model",null,"https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-hydro-basin","through changing boundary conditions ","can be used to assess pollution assimilation","water quality","Dissolved oxygen; BOD; amonia nutrients",null,"reach and catchment"]
[49,"MIKE11","Detailed",null,null,"Y","N","Y","Y","Y","Y",null,null,"requires license from DHI","N",null,null,"http://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/ ","through changing boundary conditions ",null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[50,"Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) -  Water Quality","Detailed",null,"HEC-RAS is a one dimentional hydraulic model owned by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The model contains four 1D river analysis components; steady flow water surface profile computations (capable of modelling a full network of channels under mixed,  sub- and super critical flow regimes), unsteady flow simulation (capable of modelling mixed flow regimes), movable boundary sediment transport computations and water quality analysis (Dissolved Nitrogen (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and Org-N); Dissolved Phosphorus (PO4-P and Org-P); Algae; Dissolved Oxygen (DO); and Carbonaceous Biological Oxygen Demand (CBOD)). ","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y",null,null,"River system schematic, cross-section data, hydraulic structure data, flow data (steady or unsteady) ","Y",null,"see webisite","http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/ ","through changing boundary conditions ","floood moderation, erosion regulation, water purifcation","water quality","flow, water qulity, temperature",null,"reach and catchment"]
[51,"CaBA Mentoring website","Strategic","Advice on setting up / mentoring CABA","The Catchment Based Approach (CaBA) embeds collaborative working at a river catchment scale to deliver cross cutting improvements to our water environments. Community partnerships, bringing local knowledge and expertise, are active in each of the 100+ Water Framework Directive catchments across England, including those cross border with Wales. More than 1500 organisations are engaged with CaBA nationwide including NGOs, Water Companies, Local Authorities, Government Agencies, Landowners, Angling Clubs, Farmer Representative Bodies, Academia and Local Businesses.","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Engagement, knowledge transfer, ownership",null,null,"Y",null,null,"http://www.catchmentbasedapproach.org/best-practice/data/mentoring","NA","NA","Engagment","NA",null,"catchment"]
[52,"NWRM ","Strategic","Catalogue of benefits and case studies for Natural Water Retention Measures","Catalogue of benefits and case studies for Natural Water Retention Measures","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Very well catalogued Benefits and Case Studies","Currently does not have many UK case studies;\nDoes not include specific category of 'performance'",null,"Y",null,"see http://www.crew.ac.uk/publications","http://recette.nwrm.eu/","see website","well classified - see website","flow, water quality","Most variables across a range of studies",null,"national"]
[53,"CREW NFM","Strategic","On-line Scottish Government and SEPA database on NFM containing photographic records, simple descriptions of individual interventions, and details of their efficacy from demonstration sites in Scotland. ","The CREW NFM Database aims to enhance the existing Scottish Government and SEPA database with additional information especially: photographic records, simple descriptions of individual interventions, and details of their efficacy from demonstration sites in Scotland. This data will help local authorities, landowners and riparian managers in making informed land use decisions.\n\nThe database can be accessed either by using the Interactive Map or via our Case Study page.\n\nThe information contained within the database has been obtained from a variety of sources with permission being sought from those individuals or organisations responsible.\n\nWe are keen to expand and enhance the information contained within the database, consequently, if you have any queries or comments regarding the information already contained within the database we would appreciate if you could contact us.\n","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Geo data\nCollating data on 'efficacy' ","does efficacy imply performance?","open resource","Y",null,"see webisite","http://www.crew.ac.uk/content/natural-flood-management-database ","NA",null,null,null,null,"regional and national"]
[54,"SCS curve number (CN) method ","Strategic","To predict direct runoff or infiltration from rainfall excess ","SCS curve number (CN) method (USDA, 2004). The CN approach is implemented in a number of catchment models (e.g. SWAT—Arnold et al., 1998) and has been shown to be robust across a wide range of climatic, soil and land covers within many modelling studies in the UK, Europe and wider (e.g. Gassman et al., 2007).","Y",null,null,null,"Y",null,"Simple approach based on physical  soil characteristics","Developed in the US","A set of published curves","Y",null,null,null,"dependent on soils / geology","NA","NA","flow",null,"catchment and national"]
[55,"Land Management CFMP Tool ","Strategic","Assessment of land management practises on the flood hydrograph ","The Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP) tool considers all types of inland flooding (rivers, groundwater, surface water and tidal). The EA's tool allows quantitive assessment of how land management and land use changes alter the flood hydrograph. This tool helps target land management approaches which reduce flooding, potentially allowing Natural Flood Management (NFM) techniques to be compared to traditional engineered approaches.   ","Y",null,"N","N","Y","Y",null,null,null,"N",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"catchment"]
[56,"Polyscape ","Strategic","Assessment of the potential landscape management options available to establish various ecosystem services","Polyscape, a multi-criteria decision making tool, specifically designed to assess the potential landscape management options available to establish various ecosystem services, including flood mitigation. Polyscape is a GIS based tool, designed to work at a variety of scales (field to 10,000km2) with varying levels of analysis complexity (single criteria to multiple criteria analysis). The tool has been designed to be quick, simple and transparent to use, giving the users flexibility to alter criteria and incorporate local stakeholder knowledge. A traffic light mapping system is used by Polyscape to map out the analysis results, generating a clear visualisation, allowing quick identification of potential development areas or areas for protection. The tool is based around 8 simple algorithms (Habitat augmentation, flood mitigation, erosion/ sediment delivery risk, carbon sequestration, agricultural valuation, trade-offs and co-benefits, pre-processing and editing) which utilise readily available data as data deficiencies is highlighted as one of the major limitations of this tool. The assessments and criteria used are informed by expert knowledge.","Y","Y",null,null,"Y",null,"Quick, simple and transparent to use. The tool enables multi-criteria analysis and enables the user to adjust parameters and encorporate local stake holder knowledge. ","Limited by data quality and availability. ","DEM, land use, soil data, stream network data, geological data, habitat data and various key parameters","Y","Pontbren Catchment (Mid Wales) (12.5km2)","Jackson et al. (2013)","http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204612003532","Land cover / multiple constraints","Habitat, flood mitigation, erosion/ sediment delivery risk, carbon sequestration, agricultural valuation","ecology","habitat","NA","catchment"]
[57,"Catchment Systems Engineering (CSE) Approach ","Strategic","A framework for managing catchment run-off ","The Catchment Systems Engineering (CSE) approach as a method of managing flood risk and water quality. CSE is an “Interventionist approach to altering the catchment scale runoff regime through the manipulation of hydrological flow pathways throughout the catchment.” By managing the sources of flow pathways it is possible to reduce runoff, therefore ameliorating issues of soil nutrient loss. The foundation of this approach is local stakeholder involvement. The engagement of local stakeholders in problem solving improves chances of success. Their input on local concerns helps drive relevant research outputs which can help improve farming practises and policies in a realistic way. An examplar run-off framework was created for this approach in the Belford Burn Catchment. This framework involved the following steps; (1)The concept for catchment change (CSE approach), (2) Catchment characterisation, (3) Education and knowledge exchange, (4) Demonstration and regulation, (5) Implementation. ","Y","Y","Y","Y",null,"Y","Stakeholder involvment ","Not widely used yet?","FEH descriptors","N","Belford Burn Catchment, Northumberland ","Wilkinson et al. (2014)",null,"FEH descriptors","Flood Regulation","hydromorphology","flow",null,"catchment"]
[58,"River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) ","Strategic","A set of environmental objectives and subsequent measures generated as a result of an economic analysis of all the water uses within the RBD and an analysis of the pressures and impacts on the aquatic environment.","As a requirment of the WFD, the 10 river basin districts (RBD) within England and Wales have had RBMP made. The RBMP consists of an economic analysis of all the water uses within the RBD and an analysis of the pressures and impacts on the aquatic environment. Environmental objectives for all groundwater, surface water and protected areas within the RBD should be outlined within the RBMP, including a programme of measures to achieve the environmental objectives. An assessment of the WFD status of water within the RBD is also outlined. ","Y","Y",null,null,null,null,null,"Currency","Report and maps","Y","Ribble","see https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/river-basin-management-plans","https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/river-basin-management-plans ","Each plan discussed typological considerations relvant to catchment","see Opportunity maps in the RBMPs","All","water quality, sediments, flows, climate etc",null,"catchment"]
[59,"LiDAR ","Data and Datasets","Creation of a 3d digital terrain model which can be analysed for a wide range of purposes","LiDAR forms the asis of many terrain based analyses and the representation of topography in many models","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Versatility\ninexpensive compared to ground based survey","licensing can be an issue\nresolution limts the processes that can be represented","tpyically requires license or purchase","N","All","NA","https://www.geomatics-group.co.uk/GeoCMS/Order.aspx","N","N","Hydromorphological condition","Level/elevation",null,"reach, catchment and national"]
[60,"Hydrology Of Soil Types (HOST) dataset  ","Data Analysis","A 1km  grid of the UK's soils; 29 soil classes based on hydrological processes. ","The UK's soils have been categorised into 29 soil classes, grouped by their hydrological properties. The HOST dataset contains a 1km grided map of the UK's soils based on this classification system. The dominant HOST class and a percentage breakdown of the HOST classes are available for each 1km grid square. The HOST data can be used to calculate the Baseflow Index (BFI) and the standard percentage runoff. From these values low flows and flood statistics can be calculated for ungauged catchments. ","Y",null,null,null,null,null,"UK coverage; widely used","data licensing;\nThere has been discussion of creation of a new finer resolution dataset",null,"N","Clwyd",null,null,"Soil type","food production","NA",null,null,"national"]
[61,"Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA)","Strategic","A 1km grid of European soil erosion risks associated with water erosion.  ","Soil erosion across Europe has been quantified and the associated risks calculated using process-based, spatially distributed modelling. The PESERSA model is primarily for modelling erosion by water however model extensions can be used to assess tillage and wind erosion. ","Y","Y",null,null,"Y",null,"European open data","coarse scale","available on request :http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ESDB_Archive/pesera/pesera_data.html","Y",null,"see website","http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esdb_archive/pesera/pesera_download.html","from physical characteristics",null,null,null,null,"Regional diagnostic tool "]
[62,"Catchment Walkovers - Water Framework Directive ","Strategic","Catchment walkovers provide an initial assessment of the watercourse, identifying potential pollution sources or features under pressure which then can received focussed management. ","A catchment walkover involves a survey of the waterbody of interest and it's connecting features. The survey aims to identify features of interest or under pressure (e.g. from point source or diffuse pollution, hydromorphology or invasive non-native species), as this will allow for targeted management. Water quality monitoring,  biological monitoring and sediment sampling form part of the assessment. ","Y","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","*Quick to conduct and relatively cheap.                     *Provides a baseline assessment. ","Huge national network not all of which will be accessible and may require permits","EA data","Y","Ribble","widely used in numerous catchment studies","NA","Assessment of sediments","NA","Diffuse Pollution;  sediments; biology","nutrients; sediments; biology",null,"reach to catchment scale"]
[63,"Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH)","Strategic","Flood Estimation for any UK location. ","The Flood Estimation Handbook comprises of 5 books entitled; Overview, Rainfall frequency estimation, Statistical procedures for flood frequency estimation, Rainfall-runoff method and catchment descriptors  (25 descriptors). Accompanying the books is computer software (FEH CD-ROM) which contains catchment descriptors for 4 million UK catchments (catchments which drain an area of 0.5km2 or more), the WINFAP-FEH statistical method and the ReFH rainfall runoff model (designed to model ungauged catchments). The FEH rainfall-runoff model is able to generate flood hydrographs for designed flood events of specified return periods for any UK location. The model combines a unit hydrograph and design storm approach and contains two principle model parameters; Standard Percentage Runoff (SPR) and Time to Peak (Tp). The FEH CD-ROM possesses catchment descriptors which can easily be exported for any given UK location. ","Y",null,null,null,null,null,"Widely adopted and well documented for flood estimatiion\nCatchment descipttors can be changed to reflect working with natural processes\n","Difficult to interrogate at large scale - EA has license to batch-interrogate","License required ","N","Most where design hydrographs used","IH, 1999\nPackman et al. (2004) ","http://www.ceh.ac.uk/feh2/fehintro.html",null,null,null,null,null,"National"]
[64,"Historic Flood Map ","Data and Datasets","Outline of known historic flooding for fluvial and coastal","Historic Flood Outlines is the maximum extent of all recorded individual Historic Flood Events Outlines from river the sea and groundwater springs and shows areas of land that have previously been subject to flooding in England & Wales. The data is updated every three months but may not change quarter to quarter if there have been any significant flood events in the preceding period. The dataset consists of spatial data only. ","Y",null,null,null,null,null,"Resource to check alongside other records from e.g. local libaries","fluvial and coastal flooding only cited","on opendata.gov","Y",null,null,"http://data.gov.uk/dataset/historic-flood-map-afa013","NA","NA","N",null,"N","national"]
[65,"Eel/ Fish passage/barrier data ","Data and Datasets","Identification of fish pass structures to understand connectivity and habitat ","EA dataset - see link to manual for fish passes",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N",null,null,"https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/298053/geho0910btbp-e-e.pdf","see manual","Biology",null,null,null,"reach"]
[66,"Wetland vision maps ","Data and Datasets","Maps of local plans for wetland protection and restoration. ","Partnerships across the UK worked together to generate wetland vision maps and plans for their local wetlands. The visions aimed to benefit local people, wildlife and the historic environment. ",null,null,null,null,"Y",null,null,"Patchy coverage across the UK. ",null,"N",null,null,"http://www.wetlandvision.org.uk/visions.aspx?id=14 ",null,null,null,null,null,"national"]
[67,"Flood Defence data - AIMS / NFCDD","Data and Datasets","Flood defence asset dataset for the UK","The AIMS dataset contains detailed asset information for all UK flood defences. ",null,null,"Y","Y","Y",null,null,null,"Environment Agency dataset","N","Lustrum Beck","http://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2007-01-11b.109974.h","https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/290663/scho0305biqm-e-e.pdf","Attribute of defence data","flood regulation; protection of people and communities","NA",null,null,"national"]
[68,"Broadscale JFLOW fluvial method","Strategic",null,"Jflow, designed by JBA consulting,  is a 2D hydrodynamic model which is capable of simulating overland flooding. ","Y",null,"Y","Y","Y",null,"Very rapid ;\nfull shallow water equation solver;\nvery robust","Not licensed - can be run as a service and detailed outputs available nationally for surface water from the Environment Agency website","Outputs available from the Environment Agency  under license for the updated Flood Map for Surface water","N","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project","LAMB, R., CROSSLEY, A., WALLER, S., 2009. A fast 2d floodplain inundation model. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Water Management, Volume 162.","http://www.jbaconsulting.com/","Through hydrological boundary consitions","flood regulation","None directly","Flow, depth, velcotiy, hazard",null,"regional national"]
[69,"Water Framework Directive (WFD) classification ","Strategic","WFD classification indicates the current ecological and chemical quality of the waterbody. ","Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), member states are required to classify their waterbodies according to the WFD classification system. The WFD classification system assesses a water bodies ecological, chemical and physical (Hydromorphology) status using given environmental quality standards. The WFD assessments assign the water body a WFD status; Ecological status goes from bad to high and Chemical status has two classifications; 'failing to achieve good' or 'good'. ",null,"Y",null,null,null,"Y","Summary at national scale","can be based on distant monitoring","Environment Agency - reportd to the EU","Y","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation",null,"https://data.gov.uk/dataset/water-framework-directive-classification","in detail","most - see RBMP","All","A large range of variables",null,"national"]
[70,"Digital Terrain Model   (DTM) ","Data and Datasets","Topographic elevation data ","Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are a digital representation of the topographic elevation of the bare earth surface. The data comes in raster format with x,y and Z values which represent elevation. The DTM raster and can easily be manipulated within GIS software. ","Y",null,null,null,"Y",null,null,"Quality of the data ","Some DTMs are free such as the global SRTM and the UK OS OpenData Terrain data","Y","Most case studies","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA","elevation, slope",null,"catchment and national"]
[71,"PSYCHIC-P Model ","Strategic","GIS based decision support tool to assess the sources, mobilisation methods and delivery pathways of  phosphorus and any associated sediment. ","The Phosphorus and Sediment Yield Characterisation in Catchments (PSYCHIC) model is a decision support tool which is capable of predicting agricultural land pollution losses based on the characterisation of source, mobilisation and delivery processes for phosphorus and sediment.  Sources of phosphorus which are accounted for within the model include; manures, fertilisers and residual soil sources. Dissolution and soil detachment  represent the mobilisation of phosphorus and sediment. PSYCHIC models the surface and subsurface flows to show how dissolved and particulate phosphorus and the associated sediment are delivered to the water courses. The model accounts for land management practises arrising from policy initiatives, landscape factors and climate variations. Within GIS, PSYCHIC is able to predict the spatial (field to national scale) and temporal (monthly time-step) distribution of flow, sediment and phosphorus. The effectivness and impacts of phosphorus and sediment mitigation methods can be analysed within PSYCHIC. ","Y","Y",null,null,null,"Y","Has been used widely and in support of the Water Framework Directive Risk Assessment","When used in combination with SIMCAT, it has been found that the soluble fraction has to be corrected - typically using regression. ","license required","N","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation","Davison et al., 2008","http://www.adas.uk/Services","land use and cover","water purification",null,null,null,"national"]
[72,"LISFLOOD","Detailed","Runoff routing model that uses a diffusion wave approximation to the 2d shallow water equations for overland flow","LISFLOOD is a 2D, GIS-based hydrological rainfall-runoff-routing model. The model is designed to simulate floodplain inundation in locations of complex topography. The grided cell system of LISFLOOD provides predicted water depths for each cell at each time step modelled. The model can be used to conduct flood forecasting and to assess the effects of river regulation measures, land use changes or climate change. Four components make up LISFLOOD; a 2-layer soil water balance sub-model, groundwater and subsurface flow sub-models, a sub-model which routes surface runoff to the nearest river channel and a channel flow routing sub-model. ","Y",null,null,"Y","Y","N","Very fast and adapted to understand flood flow pathways for a number of investigations","Diffusion wave approximation so will not handle all hydrodynamic situations",null,"N",null,"JRC (2008) ","http://www.bristol.ac.uk/geography/research/hydrology/models/lisflood/ ",null,"none directly",null,"Flow, depth",null,"catchment and national"]
[73,"Environmental Virtual Observatory (EVO) ","Detailed","NERC funded, software as a service","EVO is designed to integrate across datasets and models, facilitated by a cloud computing infrastructure","Y","Y",null,null,"Y","N","Software as a service - answering plain English questions","proof of concept project","no actual tool to use? but provides a framework and methodology of setting up a cloud platform","N",null,"see website for project report","http://www.evo-uk.org",null,"see project report",null,null,null,"national"]
[74,"TOPMODEL and Dynamic TOPMODEL","Detailed","Rainfall runoff model","Dynamic TOPMODEL is flexible in the characteristics used in defining its calculation units and also allows for surface and subsurface flows to be routed downslope to account for topographic convergence and divergence on runoff contributing areas. There is also asimplified version called CRAFT.","Y",null,null,null,null,null,"Low number of parameters\n","Can be difficult to incorporate more complex routing","Freeware. R version available","Y","Brompton","Beven and Freer, 2001; Beven, 2012)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[75,"Stream power screening tool ","Strategic","Stream Power thresholds provide an initial indication into the erosion rates within the channel. ","The Stream Power screning tool produces plots of bankfull discharge against channel slope for varying channel types as this indicates stream power thresholds, information which can be used as a crude screening tool to determine whether more detailed sediment modelling is required. Larger stream powers are indicative of highly erosive environments. ",null,"Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y",null,"Wallerstein (2006)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"national"]
[76,"River Energy Audit Scheme (REAS) ","Strategic","Predicts sediment sources (Scour), pathways (transfers) and sinks (deposition)","The REAS approach uses the estimated differences in time-integrated specific stream power between constructed reaches (indicates potential continuity or imbalance in sediment transfer system) to predict sediment sources (Scour), pathways (transfers) and sinks (deposition). This is done over the course of several years. ",null,"Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,"1. Representative bed material particle size(s);\n2. Representative flow duration curve;\n3. Representative channel cross-section;\n4. Representative bed slope; and\n5. Representative roughness values for the channel and floodplain.","Y",null,"Wallerstein (2006)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[77,"Sediment Impact Assessment Model (SIAM) ","Detailed","Rapidly assesses the potential impacts to channel stability linked to localised alterations to the sediment regime","SIAM was designed for the rapid assessment of the impacts associated with sediment management activities. The model is capable of calculating the annual average sediment transport capacity (tons per year) by performing reach average sediment transport computations by grain size class and then intergrating the sediment transport rates with flow duration information. SIAM compares the annual average sediment transport capacity to the annual average inflowing sediment load in order to the sediment continuity of reaches within the system. These calculations allow the potential impacts to channel stability, associated to local alterations to the sediment regime to be highlighted. There are four outputs generated from SIAM; local bed material balance (difference in bed material supply and average annual transport capacity - positive balance indicates excess supply and deposition potential and negative indicates erosion potential), average annual transport capacities, bed material and wash material supplies, local sediment supply totals for each sediment reach. Note SIAM is embedded within HEC-RAS (version 3.2) and can be accessed by the 'Hydraulic Design' menu.",null,"Y",null,null,null,null,"intermediate assessment tool - in between qualitative evaluations and comprehensive mobile boundary numerical models                          -capable of rapid assessment of the effects of proposed sediment management techniques - enables focusing of resources hence providing cost savings.                                                                          -can easily input data for an individual sediment source","channel geometry is not updated based on erosion or deposition                                                            -reach based model so can't determine specific locations of eosion/ deposition ","Input records for each reach containing: bed material composition, sediment properties, hydrology, hydraulics and sediment loading from local sources. ","Y",null,"Wallerstein (2006)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[78,"Hydraulic Engineering Centre River Analysis System: Sediment Transport (HEC-RAS ST)","Strategic","The tool is capable of temporarily and physically modifying sediment surpluses and deficts which can then be translated into bed aggradation and degradation. ","A sediment transport function has been developed for HEC-RAS. Quasi-steady hydrodynamics combined with a transport equation are utilised by RAS to solve the sediment continuity equation. The tool is capable of temporarily and physically modifying sediment surpluses and deficts which can then be translated into bed aggradation and degradation. ",null,"Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y",null,"Wallerstein (2006)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[79,"iSIS Sediment ","Detailed","Sediment modelling including the simulating siltation in large irrigation channels. ","iSIS Sediment was initially designed in 1994 by Halcrow and HR Wallingford with the purpose of simulating siltation in large irrigation channels. The model was also capable of modelling graded sediments and accounting for the layering affect. By 2001 iSIS Sediment had been developed with new extensions. Amongst other things,  bed evolution can be simulated over long periods allowing the assessment of interventions e.g. gravel removal or channel modification. ",null,"Y","Y",null,null,null,"*iSIS interface                                                                       *multiple sediment transport formulae used in sediment calculations; graded or single size sediment simulations, multiple layers                     *user can specify: bed composition at any corss section, gradiation of inflow sediment                     *Works for looped, branched and tidal channels *several bed updating and dredging options ","*sediment file must be edited in text format           *composite section properties for the basis for sediment transport calculations","Require an iSIS hydrodynamic model licence - no additional charge for the Sediment module ","Y",null,"Wallerstein (2006)",null,null,null,null,null,null,"reach and catchment"]
[80,"Woodlands for water maps ","Strategic","GIS spatial datasets and maps which identify opportunities for woodland\ncreation to reduce rural diffuse pollution and flood risk across England and Wales. ","The GIS-based opportunity maps cover the whole landscape and depict the most suitable locations to plant woodland to reduce flooding and or water pollution. These maps:\nCover England and Wales;\nAre at a scale of 1Km2 ;\nInclude flooding from rivers and surface water; Include locations where runoff from soils is rapid;\nInclude diffuse pollutant loads for sediments, phosphates, nitrates, total pesticides and faecal indicator organisms (FIOs); and Include information on constraints to woodland planting (e.g. existing woodland, urban areas and deep peat).","Y",null,null,null,"Y","Y","Jointly produced EA/Defra/Forest Research\nNational coverage\nWeighing up multiple benefits","Make broad-scale assumptions such as the impact of forestry on FIO","There are some licensing issues with this data which are being resolved","Y","Woodlands for Water","Forest Research, 2014",null,null,null,null,null,null,"national"]
[81,"LUCI (Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator)","Detailed","Mapping of ecosystem services","The Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) model allows the mapping of ecosystem services from the sub-field to national scale, the impact of management services on these services, likely trade-offs, and opportunities for spatially optimising interventions. Currently services include agricultural productivity, flood risk, erosion, nitrogen, phosphorus loss to rivers, carbon storage and emission rates, habitat diversity, and connectivity for broadleaved woodland species. All are available as colour coded maps highlighting low to high current levels of service delivery. In contrast to simple mapping approaches, LUCI is ‘process-based’ and includes our best scientific understanding. It can thus generate outputs beyond current data availability and report changes in meaningful units (e.g. kg of carbon, m3 of river flow etc).  ","Y",null,null,null,"Y","Y","Process based and uses real unts as opposed to ranking etc",null,null,"Y",null,null,"http://neat.ecosystemsknowledge.net/LUCI-mapping-tool.html#5","Y","Y","Y",null,null,"fieldscale to national"]
[82,"UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) ","Strategic",null,"The UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) was the first analysis of the UK’s natural environment in terms of the benefits it provides to society and continuing economic prosperity. Part of the Living With Environmental Change (LWEC) initiative, the UK NEA commenced in mid-2009 and reported in June 2011.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y",null,null,"http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/ ",null,null,null,null,null,"National"]
[83,"The Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) ","Strategic","Helps find out where practical action is in place to benefit important habitats and species as well as generate summaries of the data","The Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) is a web based information system to support the conservation community. It helps find out where practical action is in place to benefit important habitats and species as well as generate summaries of the data. It also offers an efficient way for you to contribute information about your own biodiversity actions. \nBARS helps establish the level of activity in place at any given time, where this is taking place, and what it is trying to achieve. BARS can be used to map action locations and generate a range of statistical summaries. This shared intelligence helps national and local communities plan and better coordinate their conservation activities. It also helps the four countries and UK government report collectively on what is being done to halt overall biodiversity loss in line with international, UK and country commitments.\n","N","Y","N","N","Y","Y","Collation of information",null,null,"Y",null,null,"http://ukbars.defra.gov.uk/home/about ",null,null,null,null,null,"National"]
[84,"ST:REAM","Strategic","Catchment maps to derive reach based classification at a broad scale using stream power","ST:REAM to produce catchment maps to derive reach based classification at a broad scale (using LIDAR) for reaches that are generally erosion, deposition or ‘equilibrium’ dominated based on a stream power balance assessment.","Y","Y","Y","N","Y","N","Coverage - used nationally by SEPA;\nUses readily available data","limitations in modified systems / weirs etc","LiDAR","N",null,"http://www.sepa.org.uk/media/163266/stream-explanatory-note_v2.pdf","http://www.sepa.org.uk/media/163267/stream-users-guide_v1.pdf",null,null,null,null,null,"National"]
[85,"OVERFLOW / CRIM (catchment riparian intervention measures) ","Detailed","rainfall, runoff and routing model","Developed to allow rapid assessment of multiple combinations of interventions to identify optimal solutions in terms of downstream flood risk reduction. OVERFLOW is a simplified, coupled, hydrological-hydraulic model. Here, it is developed to allow exploration of riparian interventions (such as woodland planting) and instream woody debris dams to reduce flood risk. Application of advanced numerical experimentation techniques identifies which interventions and combinations thereof work well i.e. have a strong effect on slowing the flow","Y","N","N","N","Y","N","allows whole catchment performance to be assessed","Academic model","DTM, channel network.","Y","Defra funded Slowing the Flow at Pickering Project",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"catchment"]
[86,"Matrix ranking of WWNP","Strategic","Approach demonstrated in Elwy case study","A range of different ecosystem services associated are tabulated against different potential WWNP measurees, and scored depending on if they are improved or made worse. ","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Combined with opportunity mapping, this can form a powerful way of prioritising different types of measures","Qualitative  ","Knowledge of the system and opportunities","Y","Elwy",null,null,null,"Numerous - see main Catchment Processes report",null,null,null,"catchment"]
[87,"CERF-HRU","Detailed","Rainfall -runoff mdoelling","CERF standas for Continuous Estimation of River Flows, and is software that is based around data based modelling techniques","Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y","Clwyd","http://www.hydrosolutions.co.uk/home-4.asp\n","https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/290976/scho0308bnvz-e-e.pdf","Based on slope and soils","Flood regulation","NA","flow",null,"catchment and national"]
[88,"ReFH","Strategic","Flood estimation ","~The re-vitilised Floof Hydrograph mwthod developed the Rainfall Runoff approach from the old FSR that had been re-stated in the FEH. The rainfall-routing and sooil moisture accounting model was provided on a spreadsheet and notably modified the design hydrographs to have the characteristic tail, which reflects base-flow response. The technique incorporates estiamtes of key variables such as 'Time to peak' using empirical relationships based on catchment descriptors.","Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y","Elwy","http://files.hydrosolutions.co.uk/refh2/ReFH2_Technical_Report.pdf","http://www.hydrosolutions.co.uk/products.asp?categoryID=4671","FEH catchment descriptors","Flood regulation","NA",null,null,"national"]
[89,"FEH Statistical Method","Strategic","Flood estimation","Statistical pooling group method for extending long term peak flow datasets","Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y",null,null,"http://www.e-secure.biz/documents/KLGJU9XGH9/WINFAP-FEH3-UserGuide.pdf","Implicit to statistical analysis of flows from around the country","Flood regulation","NA","Flow and probability",null,"national"]
[90,"POND model","Strategic","To understand and visualise the attenuation of flood hydrographs on the incorporation of offline pond storage","Spreadsheet tool for adding hypothetical series of off-line storage ponds","Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y","Belford Burn Catchment, Northumberland ","see https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/belford/newcastlenfmrafreport/reportpdf/June%20NFM%20RAF%20Report.pdf","see https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/belford/newcastlenfmrafreport/reportpdf/June%20NFM%20RAF%20Report.pdf","NA","Flood regulation","NA","Flow / level",null,"reach "]
[91,"WATEM/SEDEM ","Strategic","WATEM SEDEM is an empirical spatially distributed model, which allows estimating the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment delivery in a river on an annual basis.","WATEM SEDEM is an empirical spatially distributed model, which allows estimating the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment delivery in a river on an annual basis.\nThe WaTEM/SEDEM model was chosen for this study for the following reasons:\nWATEM/SEDEM  requires a reasonable amount of input data to calculate sediment transport and sediment yield.  It is suitable for small catchments as it can be run with data sets of resolution 5m or 20m.It does not require an expert modeller and is relatively user-friendly. The model can be used to identify where measures to control soil erosion could be taken and to test their effect at small scale\nThe calculations of the model are done by dividing the catchment in cells of 20*20 m, with two main part of calculation: erosion and transport. Erosion rates are calculated for each cell, and the sediment estimated are transferred to the next cell, according to a maximum transport is limited by transport values.","Y","Y",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y","Wensum","Van Oost, et al. 2000; \nVan Rompaey, et al. 2001",null,null,null,null,null,null,"catchment"]
[92,"JHAB","Strategic","Modelling system for habitat availability at a scale relevant to the ecology through the innovative use of one dimensional (1D) cross-section sub-division tools, two dimensional (2D) flow models and LiDARdata.","One dimensional and to a lesser extent two dimensional flood models are a ubiquitous EA product and using these models to simulate lower flows is a cost-efficient way to undertake habitat availability studies.The interaction of water flow with river morphology is key to the development of the physical habitat. This is not a static relationship as the impact of the morphology of the river on the physical habitat available depends on flow. Using existing one and two-dimensional hydraulic models combined with a habitat model, physical habitat maps are produced for a range of discharges. Such maps show the extent, distribution and robustness of optimal habitat across the flow regime.\nA fuzzy logic habitat model has been developed which uses the grids of depth and velocities combined with ecological knowledge to produce maps of habitat availability and suitability.\nThe model does not treat depth and velocity independently (unlike PHABSIM) and the use of fuzzy membership functions rather than habitat suitability curves negates the need for the laborious data collection needed to create habitat suitability curves.\nUsing this tool, habitat maps can be produced for a range of flows for any species/life stage of interest. 'Crisp' habitat availability and quality numbers are also produced.","N","N","Y","Y","Y","Y","Converts/re-uses 1d modell results into 2d grids to generate estimated 2d velocity fields that can be linked to habitat \n\nThe model does not treat depth and velocity independently (unlike PHABSIM) and the use of fuzzy membership functions rather than habitat suitability curves negates the need for the laborious data collection needed to create habitat suitability curves.\nProduces empirically-derived habitat availability maps for any number of discharges\nLarge stretches of river are mapped (assuming confidence in model geometry)\nIf alterations are proposed to river morphology, modelling helps inform on any potential impacts on habitats (e.g.dredging, river restoration and flood defence studies)\nModelling is useful in water resource studies to help quantify the changes in habitat availability and quality under different flow regimes","Does not assess the impacts of for example sediment intrusion directly\npseudo 2D","JBA software; existing 1 or 2d model","Y",null,null,"www.jbaconsulting.com","grids of depth and velocities combined with ecological knowledge are used to produce maps of habitat availability and suitability.","Habitat for a variety of species","Habitat condition","depth, velocity ","No","reach scale "]
[93,"BEST tool","Strategic","Assessment of multiple benefits of  SUDS in ecosystem service framework","Drainage systems consistently provide core fundamental benefits ranging from public health to minimising the chance of flooding. However some drainage systems can provide far wider and larger benefits. Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are such systems, providing the benefits expected from a conventional, piped approach as well as many others. This is possible because SuDS enhances the urban area and contributes to economic and environmental benefits.\nStakeholders are increasingly collaborating to design and build drainage systems within urban improvements. Questions are often asked about the benefits different SuDS solutions may bring, their size and their value. Understanding these benefits can support conversations between different stakeholders and support funding applications.\nCIRIA has developed a user tool and guidance, W045 BeST (Benefits of SuDS Tool) to support practitioners estimate the impacts that drainage schemes can create. Evaluating the type and size of these benefits can otherwise be difficult, often requiring specialist economic inputs.","Y","Y","N","N","Y","Y","BeST provides a structured approach to evaluating a wide range of benefits (in the table right), often based upon the drainage system performance overall.\nAutomatic graphing \nLots of opportunities for quality control e.g. boxes to put in evidence/reasoning/comments",null,"Local knowledge of system","Y","Stroud","New tool","https://www.ciria.org/News/CIRIA_news2/New-tool-assesses-the-benefits-of-SuDS.aspx","Through consdiration of ","ecosystem services are broken down into provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services, plus triple bottom line (financial, environmental and social).","environmental and habitat","Potential impacts on a number of categories, such as biodiversity, groundwater recharge, rain water harvesting, recreation, treating and flood risk.",null,"reach"]
[94,"Watershed Modelling Tool","Detailed","Integrates hydrology, hydraulics, and water quality to help civil engineers and others involved in hydrodynamic modeling make informed decisions about watershed management.","A variety of watershed models are available, each requiring different input data in a structured format. The models utilize digital terrain data to delineate watershed and sub-basin boundaries and compute geometric parameters used in hydrologic modeling. Digital elevation, land use, and soil data can be analyzed to determine watershed boundaries, stream networks, and hydrologic parameters necessary for model construction. WMS allows the incorporation of other sources of data, such as imagery and radar rainfall estimates, into the modeling process. A new feature in WMS is the use of web services to download pertinent data for your study from within WMS. Model results can be analyzed in a number of ways including traditional plotting of outflow hydrographs, color contouring of spatial results, animation of spatial data over time, and export of results in standard formats, including GIS formats.","Y","N","N","N","Y","Y","integrated appraoch and highly automated if using US datasets - so optimised for efficiency;\nIntegrates with a range of packages including HEC-RAS","UK datasets for land -use etc will need translating;\n","WMS works only on Windows platforms, which include Windows 2000 and XP. Currently, WMS provides an interface for the following hydrologic and hydraulic models: Rational Method, TR-20, TR-55, HEC-1, NFF, HSPF, HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, CE-QUAL-W2, and GSSHA. Current development is focused on expanding the water quality and land management modeling capabilities for the two-dimensional, physically-based, hydrologic model GSSHA","Y",null,"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10934520600780693\n\nhttp://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/425/1/Alsabhan_et_al_2002_CEUS.pdf","http://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/FactSheets/FactSheetArticleView/tabid/9254/Article/476701/department-of-defense-watershed-modeling-system.aspx","land use and soils data","not specifcan consider flooding and water quality","it is focussed on water quality","flow, water quality ",null,"catchment to regional"]
[95,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[96,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[97,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[98,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[99,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[100,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[101,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[102,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[103,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[104,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[105,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[106,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[107,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[108,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[109,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[110,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[111,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[112,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[113,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[114,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[115,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[116,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[117,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[118,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[119,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[120,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[121,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[122,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[123,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[124,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[125,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[126,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[127,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[128,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[129,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[130,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[131,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[132,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[133,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[134,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[135,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[136,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[137,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[138,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[139,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[140,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[141,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[142,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[143,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[144,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[145,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[146,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[147,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[148,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[149,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[150,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[151,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[152,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[153,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[154,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[155,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[156,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[157,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[158,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[159,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[160,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[161,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[162,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[163,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[164,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[165,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[166,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[167,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[168,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[169,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
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[418,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[419,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[420,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[421,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
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[424,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[425,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[426,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[427,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[428,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[429,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[430,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[431,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[432,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[433,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[434,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[435,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[436,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[437,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[438,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[439,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[440,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[441,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[442,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[443,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[444,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[445,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[446,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[447,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[448,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[449,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[450,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[451,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[452,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[453,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
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[459,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[460,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[461,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[462,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[463,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[464,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[465,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[466,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[467,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[468,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[469,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[470,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[471,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[472,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[473,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[474,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[475,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[476,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[477,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[478,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[479,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[480,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[481,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[482,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[483,null,null,null,null,"N","N","N","N","N","N",null,null,null,"Y"]
[484,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]
[485,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Y"]

{"sheet":"Tool_1","index":5,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Geomorphic Change Detection tool",null,null,null,"ID",1]
["Processes","Geomorphological change detection",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5"]
["Description","A free toolkit provided by Wheaton’s lab that includes automated change detection and data analysis or rivers based on a range of different LiDAR and survey techniques. The Geomorphic Change Detection tools are designed to work with LiDAR and Green LiDAR (see reference in these to bathymetric LiDAR), and to automate the production of change metrics based on a range of uncertainty and error analysis delivered via standard ARCGIS platforms as used by the Agency.  The software was developed primarily for morphological sediment budgeting in rivers. The volumetric change in storage is calculated from the difference in surface elevations from digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from repeat topographic surveys. As each DEM has an uncertain surface representation (which might vary in space and time), our ability to detect changes between surveys is highly dependent on surface representation uncertainties inherent in the individual DEMs. The fundamental problem is separating out the changes between the surveys that are due to geomorphic change as opposed to noise in the survey data. GCD provides a suite of tools for quantifying those uncertainties independently in each DEM and propagating them through to the DEM of difference. The program also provides ways for segregating the best estimates of change spatially using different types of masks. The overall suite of tools is more generically applicable to many different spatial raster-based change detection problems."]
["Strengths","Automated producion of change metrics;\nHandling of data uncertainty\nthere is a Matlab version of the code","Weaknesses","Variable quality datasets"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM - although there are opensource DTMS these are generally coarse - such as OS Open Terrain. Source Code Available","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","through characterising he dynamism of a system","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment regulation"]
["Web Address","http://gcd.joewheaton.org/ ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wheaton et al., 2011 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.1886/abstract;jsessionid=C5E39462F313C5E11FF269D5A8B94895.f02t03)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_2","index":6,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","River Bathymetry Toolkit (RBT) ",null,null,null,"ID",2]
["Processes","Topographic change",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 5"]
["Description","Traditional techniques for describing and understanding aquatic physical habitat in streams have focused on manual measurements of channel topography. New remote sensing techniques, such as airborne water-penetrating Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and boat-mounted acoustic sensors can produce highly accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with continuous coverage of long segments of channels and stream networks. The U.S. Forest Service and ESSA Technologies have developed a suite of GIS tools, the River Bathymetry Toolkit (RBT), for processing high resolution DEMs of channels. Our goal is to characterize in-stream and floodplain geomorphology to support aquatic habitat analyses and numerical models of flow and sediment transport. The RBT is available for free and is under active development."]
["Strengths","Characterises in-stream and floodplain geomorphology to support aquatic habitat analyses and numerical models of flow and sediment transport.\nMaking use of emerging rapid bathymmetry measurements","Weaknesses","Requires bathymmetry data"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","helps define typology","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/river_bathymetry_toolkit.shtml","Open Source?","Y","Citations","McKean, J., Nagel, D., Tonina, D., Bailey, P., Wright, C.W., Bohn, C., Nayegandhi, A., 2009. Remote sensing of channels and riparian zones with a narrow-beam aquatic-terrestrial lidar. Remote Sensing 1 (4) 1065-1096. \n\nMcKean, Jim; Isaak, Dan; Wright, Wayne  2009.  Improving stream studies with a small-footprint green lidar.   Eos. 90(39): 341-342. \n\nMcKean, J., Isaak, D., Wright, C.W., 2009. Stream and riparian habitat analysis and monitoring with a high-resolution terrestrial-aquatic lidar. in Bayer, J.M., and Schei, J.L., eds., PNAMP Special Publication: Remote Sensing Applications for Aquatic Resource Monitoring, Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership, Cook, Washington, Chap. 2, p. 7-16. \n\nMcKean, J.A., D.J. Isaak, and C.W. Wright.  2008.  Geomorphic controls on salmon nesting patterns described by a new, narrow-beam terrestrial-aquatic lidar.  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(3),125-130. \n"]

{"sheet":"Tool_3","index":7,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","GIS watershed/basin tools",null,null,null,"ID",3]
["Processes","delineating catchments",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","Generic Tools for processing topographic data for rivers \nLiDAR intensity data can also be used to define the channel edge."]
["Strengths","Free versions - e.g. SAGA (http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html)  - see manual (http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html)\nArcGIS version available in Spatial Analyst Toolbox, therefore requires this license","Weaknesses","Resolution issues if river width ~ pixel size; 75% UK watercourses <5m"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM; LiDAR","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","steepness of slopes","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.saga-gis.org/en/index.html","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_4","index":8,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Morphological Impact Assessment System (MImAS) /  RATS",null,null,null,"ID",4]
["Processes","Geomorphological characterisation",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","MImAS is a morphological impact assessment system (tool) which aims to support stakeholders to identify whether morphological alterations/changes (interventions) may cause risk to fail the achievement of ecological objectives (related to WFD). Developed by SNIFFER (Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum For Environmental\nResearch). It is an expert judgment-based risk assessment tool.WFD classification & regulation of river engineering activities. Assumes that river systems have some capacity to absorb change without changing their ecological quality. Attributes based on geomorphological processes and form.  Morphological Condition Limits can be set by expert judgment. If exceeded, they indicate that ecological status is at risk. The degree of morphological alteration and ecological status is related. The response of morphology to pressures is predictable and depends on morphological sensitivity. The response of ecology to morphological changes is predictable and depends on ecological sensitivity."]
["Strengths","Considers geomorphology and habitats\nSenstivity Matrix includes ecological indices\n","Weaknesses","Morphological Condition Limits can be set by expert judgment"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Riparian vegetation condition;\nChannel Type\nType and extent of engineering activities","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","helps define typology","Ecosystem Services / goods","morphological condition"]
["Web Address","http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/hydroworkshop/MImASPoster200209.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_5","index":9,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)",null,null,null,"ID",5]
["Processes","waterbody edge detection",null,null,"Process IDs",5]
["Description","Water bodies can also be delineated using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) approach. This uses multi-spectral data (e.g. Landsat) and calculates a ratio value maximizing the difference between the green and near infrared bands. Water is a positive value while soil and terrestrial vegetation is zero or negative:\nNDWI = (Green-NIR)/(Green + NIR)\n"]
["Strengths","Uses remotely sensed data","Weaknesses","calibration"]
["Data Requirements / issues","multi-spectral data;\n Green LiDAR data","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","habitat"]
["Web Address","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248977024_The_use_of_the_Normalized_Difference_Water_Index_%28NDWI%29_in_the_delineation_of_open_water_features","Open Source?","N","Citations","McFeeters, 1996"]

{"sheet":"Tool_6","index":10,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Fluvial Information System (APEM)",null,null,null,"ID",6]
["Processes","detecting grain size and meso-habitat from aerial imagery ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5"]
["Description","New technological developments have now facilitated automated computer processing of aerial imagery to deliver habitat assessment surveys using remote sensing techniques, providing an accurate record of the various habitat characteristics within a river environment direct from the aerial survey camera equipment and software.\ngenerate large scale maps of river grain size and depth suitable for detailed geomorphological analysis. \n\nThe datasets can be subsequently combined with known salmonid habitat preferences from scientific literature to form fully replicable maps of likely juvenile salmonid habitat. The FIS can automatically generate grain size distribution statistics for a given river reach \n\nIt uses automated mesohabitat and grain size data extraction methodology is routinely commissioned by the EA to support fisheries work.(http://www.apemltd.co.uk/aerial-surveys-and-remote-sensing/onshore-services/fluvial-information-systems-(fis))"]
["Strengths","automated extraction of habitat information from aerial imagery","Weaknesses","Dependent on "]
["Data Requirements / issues","requires license from APEM","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Grainsize detected","Ecosystem Services / goods","Habitats; Fisheries"]
["Web Address","http://www.apemltd.co.uk/remote-sensing/fluvial-information-system-(fis)","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_7","index":11,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Remote sensing and RHS (JBA)",null,null,null,"ID",7]
["Processes","Hydro-morphological change detection",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","There are numerous existing, catchment-wide datasets available across a variety of platforms that can be utilised to identify sediment sources and sink and to infer riverine and catchment processes. These datasets can also help to define hydro-morphological quality elements used to determine WFD Status classifications.  This was assessed by JBA (2012) for the EA R&D project that considered the use of remotely sensed data in quantifying hydro-morphological condition. A protocol for segmenting the watercourse and floodplain was developed to link with the approach used in the River Habitat Survey process"]
["Strengths","National coverage;\nCovers many of the catchment processes of interest here wo working with natural processes and uses key EA datasets.","Weaknesses","Variable quality; limitation of RS data in small headwater streams where pixel resolution an issue;  errors associated with vegetated margins or floodplains - topography can be offset by 0.5m, or 1.5m for steep tree covered slopes"]
["Data Requirements / issues","LiDAR DTM ","Key Case studies","Ribble"]
["Typology dependencies","helps define typology","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment regulation, habitat"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_8","index":12,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Fluvial Audit",null,null,null,"ID",8]
["Processes","Understanding catchment-wide processes",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","Fluvial Audit is a very powerful tool in understanding catchment wide processes (as it considers both the channel and floodplain) and can be used to infer other mapping and modelling information.  It is a method to capture and identify river and floodplain processes and forms at all spatial and temporal scales and involves a site / catchment walkover as well as a desktop assessment (utilising some of the data listed above).  Included within this would be to identify dominant sediment sources, sinks and transport pathways at the catchment and local scale.  It allows a qualitative model of system functioning to be produced that can be used to describe system response over time and to imposed changes (such as flood mitigation measures).  "]
["Strengths","Considers channel and floodplain","Weaknesses","Qualitative (but should be some physical quantification)"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Cost of fieldworking ","Key Case studies","River Irwell and Roch\nRibble"]
["Typology dependencies","Helps define typology","Ecosystem Services / goods","geomorphological condition"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations","McIntyre and Thorne, 2013"]

{"sheet":"Tool_9","index":13,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","WFD Risk Assessment for physical modification",null,null,null,"ID",9]
["Processes","River Basin Managment Planning. Assessing the risk of physical modification and its impacts on habitats and ecology for WFD",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","The risk of water bodies failing to achieve the Objectives of the Water Framework Directive will change over time and risk assessments methodologies and procedures need to be reviewed and updated where appropriate to account for this. These will inform the next River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) due for publication in 2015. The assessments cover two key questions:\n1. What is the risk of a water body not achieving its WFD Objectives?\n2. What is the risk of deterioration from the water bodies current class by 2027?\nKey activity areas creating pressure on rivers are barriers to fish; flood protection structures and activities; impoundments; land Drainage – operational management; Inland navigation; urbanisation; water level management and land use and sediment. Impoundment pressures have been evaluated for lakes and commercial fin and shell fisheries, ports and harbours for TraC water bodies.\nThe analysis identifies key source pressures associated with the activities listed above, moderated by system sensitivity, and links these directly to hydromorphic impact which is then quantified using the UKTAG risk reporting criteria at a water body scale. \nThe risk of deterioration is assessed with respect to predicted trends in climate change, population and land use, moderated by mitigation measures proposed in the River Basin Management Plans. Altered hydromorphic impact is then quantified using the UKTAG risk reporting criteria at a water body scale.\nAll risk results are mapped at a water body scale together with individual source pressure scores and these data are summarised as interactive GeoPDFs and in short Operations reports. \n"]
["Strengths","Looked at sensitivity of waterbodies to various pressures, including potential flood defence pressures, using the EA typology;\nCould be used to understand the impacts of new licenses to modify watercourses.","Weaknesses","Based on a large amount of data that is continually changing - needs to be dynamic. Some datasets are poorly populated leading to low confidence in some of the status predictions."]
["Data Requirements / issues","GIS data not online","Key Case studies","Medlock"]
["Typology dependencies","assessment of modification","Ecosystem Services / goods","habitat / barrier to fish passage /"]
["Web Address","http://www.geostore.com/environmentagency/Physical_Modification_Evidence_Summary_v2_1_external.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_10","index":14,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Aerial Imagery",null,null,null,"ID",10]
["Processes","Bank erosion, river type",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5"]
["Description","There are numerous sources of aerial imagery at a catchment scale across the UK, with varying degrees of accuracy e.g. Google Earth, Ordnance Survey, Bing Mapping, EA aerial imagery database, UAV technology, etc  Datasets can be used to identify: \nSignificant areas of erosion and deposition within the channel and floodplain and broad sediment types (e.g. bedrock, cobbles, gravels, fine sediment)\nCatchment wide sediment sources such as valley sides, scree slopes, etc.\nFlow types (hydraulic habitats) within the channel (dependent on quality of imagery)\nStructure and condition of the riparian zone\nChannel change over time where historic datasets exist and can be compared to current\nRed-green spectral analysis of available aerial imagery can be used to generate water depth information in deeper water zones (quality dependent). \nLand use changes over time\n\n"]
["Strengths","National coverage, improving resolutions","Weaknesses","Vertical scaling issues, cannot see below water surface"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Google Earth licensing\nBing maps\n","Key Case studies","Elwy"]
["Typology dependencies","Visual interpretation required","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediments and habitat"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations","Legleiter et al., 2004"]

{"sheet":"Tool_11","index":15,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Compact Aerial Scanning Imager CASI ",null,null,null,"ID",11]
["Processes","remote sensing / multi-spectral scanning",null,null,"Process IDs",2]
["Description","The Environment Agency has run CASI surveys alongside LiDAR and /or aerial photography and this multi-spectral data has been used widely within environmental applications within the EA. CASI offers a multi-spectral / hyper-spectral dataset which is widely available and provides ortho-rectified data from the visible and near infrared portion of the spectrum (between 400nm and 1000nm). Such datasets provide considerable potential for automated processing"]
["Strengths","can be used for used for mapping biophysical parameters such as leaf area index","Weaknesses","ground truthing"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Environment Agency  holds various datasets","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","land cover  ","Ecosystem Services / goods","habitat"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_12","index":16,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Detailed River Network/ OS Water Layer",null,null,null,"ID",12]
["Processes","Stream order, network density, connectivity",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","DRN, to be updated to OS Water Layer shortly; This will be the definitive large scale network of Great Britain and is being built in collaboration with the EA, SEPA, CEH and others. As it is a network built from the MasterMap water polygons the centreline will fall within the river and will be richly attributed with topological and river related information. The WaterLayer will replace the DRN and incorporate regular MasterMap updates. More information can be found here:"]
["Strengths","Foundation of numerous transport and risk models\nExtremely useful dataset for characterising or storing catchment characteristics against\n","Weaknesses","Does not automatically have stream order, although there are gIS toolsto add.\nCurrency - not sure of update programme"]
["Data Requirements / issues","http://data.gov.uk/dataset/detailed-river-network-wms licsnse is ","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","stream order","Ecosystem Services / goods","spatial data pertaining to different services can be attributed to the DRN, but it is just a vector dataset"]
["Web Address","http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/business-and-government/products/water-layer.html","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_13","index":17,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Ordnance Survey Open Rivers OpenData  ",null,null,null,"ID",13]
["Processes","Stream order, network density, connectivity",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","This has less detail than the DRN, but very similar for main river watercourses, so could be used for larger rivers"]
["Strengths","Foundation of numerous transport and risk models\nExtremely useful dataset for characterising or storing catchment characteristics against\n","Weaknesses","\nCurrency - not sure of update programme"]
["Data Requirements / issues","OS opendata statement","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","stream order","Ecosystem Services / goods","spatial data pertaining to different services can be attributed to the network but it is just a vector dataset"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_14","index":18,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","River Habitat Survey (RHS)",null,null,null,"ID",14]
["Processes","Assessment of a rivers habitat quality and river characteristics based on physical structures. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","The River Habitat Survey (RHS) assesses a 500m length of river channel for its habitat quality and character based on its physical structure. The assessment has four components; (1) a standard field survey method (systematic collection of data associated with the physical structures of the watercourse) , (2) a computer database (contains results from survey sites, which can be cross compared), (3) various methods for assessing the habitats quality, and (4) a system for describing the extent of artificial channel modification. The habitat quality assessment within the RHS assesses the occurance of habitat features with known wildlife value  at an observed site to a site known to possess similar characteristics. A baseline sample of river habitat features exists and can be consulted. "]
["Strengths","Coverage - very large coverage of systematic site walkover data;\n","Weaknesses","Expense of fieldwork:\nAvailability of GIS data"]
["Data Requirements / issues","http://www.riverhabitatsurvey.org/rhs-doc/the-survey/ ","Key Case studies","Ribble"]
["Typology dependencies","Detailed hydro and geomorphology","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment and  flood regulation, habitat and biodiversity"]
["Web Address","http://www.riverhabitatsurvey.org/rhs-doc/the-survey/ ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","The RHS Team,\nEnvironment Agency,\nRichard Fairclough House,\nKnutsford Road,\nWarrington,\nCheshire WA4 1HG\nTel: 01925 653999\nFax: 01925 415961\nE-mail: rhs@environment-agency.gov.uk"]

{"sheet":"Tool_15","index":19,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Land Cover Map, 2007",null,null,null,"ID",15]
["Processes","Identify land cover / use",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 6"]
["Description","The latest Land Cover Map (LCM 2007) from CEH uses satellite classification constrained by MasterMap boundaries. The dataset identifies 23 classes of land use based on the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Broad Habitats."]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses","currency"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Licensed product","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","key factos such as urban / rural","Ecosystem Services / goods","Habitats"]
["Web Address","http://www.ceh.ac.uk/landcovermap2007.html","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_16","index":20,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","CORINE land cover (CLC) data and land use change data",null,null,null,"ID",16]
["Processes","Identify land cover / use",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 6"]
["Description","The Corine Land Cover inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990). Updates have been produced in 2000 and 2006, and the latest 2012 update is under production. It consists of an inventory of land cover in 44 classes. CLC uses a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 25 ha for areal phenomena and a minimum width of 100 m for linear phenomena. The time series are complemented by change layers, which highlight changes in land cover with an MMU of 5 ha.\nCLC is produced by visual interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery. The Eionet networks National Reference Centres Land Cover (NRC/LC) are producing the national CLC databases, which are coordinated and integrated by EEA. The 2012 version of CLC is the first one embedding the CLC time series in a structural context of the Copernicus programme.\nCLC has a wide variety of applications, underpinning various Community policies in the domains of environment, but also agriculture, transport, spatial planning etc…"]
["Strengths","Opensource and change through time can be analysed","Weaknesses","resolution - not as detailed as LCM2007?"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Opendata","Key Case studies","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project"]
["Typology dependencies","key factos such as urban / rural","Ecosystem Services / goods","Habitats"]
["Web Address","http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/land-cover-2006-and-changes-1","Open Source?","Y","Citations","http://www.epa.ie/soilandbiodiversity/soils/land/corine/#.VUEBwSdwaM8"]

{"sheet":"Tool_17","index":21,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Fluvial and Coastal Flood Zone Maps",null,null,null,"ID",17]
["Processes","Maps which indicate areas at risk of receiving fluvial or coastal flooding for the 100 year (Flood Zone 3) and 1000 year (Flood Zone 2) year return periods",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4"]
["Description","\nFlooding from rivers or sea without defences - the natural flood plain area that could be affected in the event of flooding from rivers and the sea  For flooding from rivers the map indicates the extent of a flood with a 1% (1 in 100) or greater chance of happening each year\n For flooding from the sea the map shows the extent of a flood with a 0.5% (1 in 200) or greater chance of happening each year\nExtent of extreme flood - the extent of a flood with a 0.1% (1 in 1000) or greater chance of happening each year\nFlood defences - flood defences such as embankments and walls, and flood storage areas (which are areas of land designed and operated to store flood water)\n"]
["Strengths","Information from detailed models included explicitly","Weaknesses","Do not take into account defence failure"]
["Data Requirements / issues","on-line","Key Case studies","Woodlands for Water"]
["Typology dependencies","Typology will have been considered in the design hydrographs based on FEH catchment descriptors","Ecosystem Services / goods","moderation of floods"]
["Web Address","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Bradbrook et al., 2005"]

{"sheet":"Tool_18","index":22,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","NaFRA and Risk of Flooding from Rivers and the Sea",null,null,null,"ID",18]
["Processes","Maps which indicate flood risk that takes into account defence fragility. 50 m resolution grid squares.",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4"]
["Description","Maps of the likelihood of flooding in four bands. Generated through use of RASP algorithm, using concept of source-pathway and receptors that takes into account defence fragility curves. "]
["Strengths","Take into account local defence condition, construction and fragility\nUse the RASP approach tto take into account defence failure as well as overtopping","Weaknesses","flood extents based on Rapid Flood Spreading Model are more uncertain than those from detailed 1d-2d models. \nLocal understanding of flood risk has not been fully built in, relies on expert judgement\n"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Requires detailed defence level geo data ","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","hydrograph shape dependent on FEH descriptors","Ecosystem Services / goods","flooding and impacts "]
["Web Address","http://data.gov.uk/dataset/risk-of-flooding-from-rivers-and-sea","Open Source?","Y","Citations","ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2008a. National Assessment of Flood Risk (NaFRA): RASP methodology, Bristol: Environment Agency"]

{"sheet":"Tool_19","index":23,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","updated Flood Map for Surface Water (uFMfSW)",null,null,null,"ID",19]
["Processes","Detailed, 2m resolution flood mapping of flash flooding",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5"]
["Description","Updated in 2013 for the Environment Agency, the uFMfSW which covers England and Wales is a single map compiling  information from the EA's national surface water flood map with Lead Local Flood Authority maps. The uFMfSW meets the Flood Risk Regulations by assessing flood scenarios (as a result of rainfall) at the following magnitudes; 1 in 30 year, 1 in 100 year and 1 in 1000 year. Natural drainage channels, rivers, topographic lows in floodplains and flow paths between buildings are identified within the surface water map. "]
["Strengths","High resolution data (2m national)\n'Ground Truthed by numerous Local Authorities ","Weaknesses","Only shows flooding as a result of local rainfall and doesn't show flooding when the cause is catchment wide rainfall e.g. from overflowing watercourses, drainage systems or public sewers.                                                          Not suitable to assess flood risk to a single property - varying degrees of reliability. "]
["Data Requirements / issues","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Key Case studies","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project"]
["Typology dependencies","Losses model of ReFH is controlled by local values of SPRHOST and PROPWET","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=357683.0&y=355134.0&scale=1&layerGroups=default&ep=map&textonly=off&lang=_e&topic=floodmap","Open Source?","Y","Citations","ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2013d, What is the updated Flood Map for Surface Water? (http://publications.environmentagency.gov.uk)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_20","index":24,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Areas Susceptible to Groundwater Flooding",null,null,null,"ID",20]
["Processes","Mapping of areas with geology such as chalk subject to groundwater flooding",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Areas Susceptible to Groundwater Flooding (AStGWF) is a strategic scale map showing groundwater flood areas on a 1km square grid. It was developed specifically by the Environment Agency for use by Lead Local Flood Authorities (LLFAs) for use in Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) as required under the Flood Risk Regulations. The data was produced to annotate indicative Flood Risk Areas for PFRA with information to allow LLFAs to determine whether there may be a risk of flooding from groundwater. It is also being made available to LLFAs to support PFRA, so that LLFAs can obtain a broad feel for the wider areas which might be at risk from groundwater flooding. It covers England and Wales.\nThis data has used the top two susceptibility bands of the British Geological Society (BGS) 1:50,000 Groundwater Flood Susceptibility Map and thus covers consolidated aquifers (chalk, sandstone etc., termed 'clearwater' in the data attributes) and superficial deposits. It does not take account of the chance of flooding from groundwater rebound. It shows the proportion of each 1km grid square where geological and hydrogeological conditions show that groundwater might emerge. The susceptible areas are represented by one of four area categories (listed below) showing the proportion of each 1km square that is susceptible to groundwater emergence. It does not show the likelihood of groundwater flooding occurring."]
["Strengths","broadscale assessment of flood risk","Weaknesses","1km grid so not fine resolution"]
["Data Requirements / issues","BGS","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Takes into account geology","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/datainfo/GFSD.html","Open Source?","N","Citations","see website"]

{"sheet":"Tool_21","index":25,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","NFM screening tool for SEPA",null,null,null,"ID",21]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","SEPA have incorporated information on multiple sources of flooding, and proposed to build 6 maps containing the following. The project will discuss the method in the next phase.\no Areas of high runoff generation\no Areas of floodplain storage potential\no Opportunities to remove hydraulic constrictions\no Areas of heightened hydromorphological activity\no Areas of estuarine surge attenuation potential; and \no Wave energy attenuation potential.\n"]
["Strengths","strategic overview of areas susceptible to GW flooding nationally","Weaknesses","Only takes into account certain types of groundwater flooding, and not for instance flooding through alluvial gravels etc."]
["Data Requirements / issues","BGS","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","various constraints such as slope, land cover, floodplain extent","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://www.geostore.com/environment-agency/WebStore?xml=staticweb/xml/dataLayers_ASGWF.xml","Open Source?","Y","Citations","SEPA, 2012, Methods to Screen and Quantify Natural Flood Management Effects Scottish Environment Protection Agency & Forestry Commission Scotland, May 2012"]

{"sheet":"Tool_22","index":26,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","FARM and PERM tool",null,null,null,"ID",22]
["Processes","Flood risk and nutrients",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 6"]
["Description","The Floods and Agriculture Risk Matrix (FARM) and Phosphorus Export Risk Matrix (PERM) are Decision Support Matrix designed to help assess the risk of flooding and nutrient export from farm land and to explore options for reducing these risks."]
["Strengths","Decision Support tool that can be used by land managers to identify risks –\nDiffuse pollution and flooding\n","Weaknesses","Conceptual based approach, limited to field by field assessment"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM, hydrological and nutrient models","Key Case studies","see website"]
["Typology dependencies","Through FEH descriptors amnd Tp","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood risk; nutrients considered "]
["Web Address","https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Caspar J.M. Hewett, Paul F. Quinn, A. Louise Heathwaite, Aidan Doyle, Sean Burke, Paul G. Whitehead, David N. Lerner\n A multi-scale framework for strategic management of diffuse pollution Environmental Modelling & Software\nVolume 24, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 74–85\n\n"]

{"sheet":"Tool_23","index":27,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Blanket rainfall and runoff with 2d model, e.g. JFLOW / TUFLOW",null,null,null,"ID",23]
["Processes","Overland flow pathways and ",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Overland 2d flow modelling software such as JFLOW or TUFLOW can be used to model the impacts of particular NFM measures such as increased distributed storage (edited onto a DTM), changes to land use (e.g. buffer strips or afforestation) . This approach was used for the national updated Flood Map for Surface Water, using the ReFH rainfall-runoff model to modeify the percentage runoff through an event through dynamically accounting for soil moisture storage."]
["Strengths","Very fast, and allows a range of NFM type interventions to be explored rapidly in terms of their effect on:\n• Storage\n• Reduction in peak flow at any location\n• Retardation of peak flow timing\n• A range of options","Weaknesses","Interaction with in-stream assets is only approximate"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM, 2D overland flow model","Key Case studies","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project"]
["Typology dependencies","Different types of flooding for different typologies - urban, groundwater, eetc","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","see software suppliers","Open Source?","N","Citations","e.g. see : HANKIN, B., WALLER, S., ASTLE, G., KELLAGHER, R. 2008. Mapping Space for Water: Screening for Urban Flash Flooding. Journal of Flood Risk Management, June 2008 Vol 1, Issue 1, pp13-22"]

{"sheet":"Tool_24","index":28,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","1D simplified routing model Model, ISIS, MIKE11, HEC-RAS",null,null,null,"ID",24]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 3 4 5 6"]
["Description"]
["Strengths","rapid construction and ability to understand timing of interaction of peaks","Weaknesses","Set up based on LiDAR"]
["Data Requirements / issues","LiDAR / software","Key Case studies","Elwy"]
["Typology dependencies","More considered in the generation of inflows to be routed","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","see software suppliers","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_25","index":29,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","1D Hydrodynamic Model, ISIS, MIKE11, HEC-RAS",null,null,null,"ID",25]
["Processes","In-channel hydraulics, influence of barriers",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","1d flood models to assess the impacts of defence assets and channel maintenance on conveyance and flood risk, through modifying cross sectional geometry and assessing changes in conveyance capacity."]
["Strengths","Accurate understanding of afflux from in channel assets and features\n","Weaknesses","Expensive to set up if no existing model"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Survey; software","Key Case studies","Burnley / Medlock"]
["Typology dependencies","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","see software suppliers","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_26","index":30,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","HEC-RAS v5.0 release 2015",null,null,null,"ID",26]
["Processes","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","This new release permits fully 1d-2d coupled hydrodynamic equations to be solved simulatneously.  The meash generation is flexible, boundary fitting, and also computes sub-grid conveyance  such that a coarse computational cell can be used for speed, without losing details of sub-grid topography such as channels etc."]
["Strengths","A major advantage for WwNP is how HEC-RAS 2D pre-computes of conveyance based on sub-grid topography such that a coarse grid can be used for speed, but details of drainge ditches can be retained","Weaknesses","Relatively new to 2d, but initial testing suggests it compares well with other 2d solvers."]
["Data Requirements / issues","Survey, LiDAR","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_27","index":31,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","ISIS-Tuflow 1d-2d",null,null,null,"ID",27]
["Processes","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","An industry standard for detailed flood risk management.\nISIS has a 1D dynamic bed module that allows for simulation of bed change over time by specifying various sediment information and applicable transport equations suitable for the identified reach"]
["Strengths","Large user-group and many existing Environment Agency detailed models are built with this combination","Weaknesses","High costs to set up"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Survey, LiDAR","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","see software suppliers","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_28","index":32,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","MIKE  FLOOD 1d-2d",null,null,null,"ID",28]
["Processes","Allows 1d , 1d-2d linked and 2d only fully hydrodynamic modelling",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","MIKE FLOOD is a comprehensive modelling package covering all the major aspects of flood modelling and a tool for understanding urban flooding, analysing scenarios and testing mitigation measures. MIKE FLOOD integrates flood plains, streets, rivers, coastal areas and sewer/storm water systems into one package."]
["Strengths","Simulate a series of flood events over time","Weaknesses","High costs to set up "]
["Data Requirements / issues","Survey, LiDAR","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Through flood estimation and through for instance sediment modules","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","see software suppliers","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_29","index":33,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Modelling and Decision Support Framework, MDSF2",null,null,null,"ID",29]
["Processes","Calculating Flood risk in a probabilistic framework that includes defence failure following NFM intervention. Produces risk maps and apportionment of risk.",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4"]
["Description","MDSF2 is the EA tool for assessment of flood risk that can take into account multiple sources, and defence failure through the use of defence fragility curves that are based on construction and condition grade. The user has to provide MDSF2 with extreme flood risk data from detailed modelling (1d/2d) for compartmentalized Monte-Carlo sampling of the probability of failure of each defence asset, and the consequent flooding. The tool uses the RFSM to spread water across a DTM, which is known to be approximate. It computes the impacts of thousands of defence over-topping and failure modes, until the long term expected impacts stabilises or it reaches a maximum sample number."]
["Strengths","Rapid sampling of thousands of defence failure modes","Weaknesses","Not many people have the combination of risk science and advanced GIS skills required to use it\nNumerous assumptions about defence elevations and water movement"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM, detailed modelling, Defence data based on NFCDD or AIMS (this should improve following State of the Nation)","Key Case studies","MDSF2 beta testing report\nNaFRA Method improvements Project\n"]
["Typology dependencies","Throguh flood estimation techniques","Ecosystem Services / goods","Economic Benefits saved for modelled schemes "]
["Web Address","Environment Agency software","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_30","index":34,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Framework and Tools for local flooding",null,null,null,"ID",30]
["Processes","Calculating Determinstic Flood risk following NFM intervention",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","SC070059 - Framework and Tools for Local Flood Risk Assessment’\nArcGIS software for computing deterministic flood impacts for different scenarios using Multi-Coloured Manual depth-damages that was developed for the EA Science Project."]
["Strengths","SC070059 - Framework and Tools for Local Flood Risk Assessment’","Weaknesses","Requires ArcGIS license"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Flood hazard data;\nReceptor data (NRD etc)","Key Case studies","N"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","Economic Benefits saved for modelled schemes "]
["Web Address","http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/Default/FCRM/Project.aspx?ProjectID=414C06F0-70C5-4CFB-9D38-F4D4CAB26FB9&PageId=a0fe6dfc-506a-452c-9bff-a7ec06b4e6b0","Open Source?","Y","Citations","N"]

{"sheet":"Tool_31","index":35,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Cellular Automaton Evolutionary Slope and River Model (CAESAR) and CAESAR-LISFLOOD",null,null,null,"ID",31]
["Processes","Sediment transport",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","CAESAR is a 2D flow and sediment transport model that can simulate morphological changes in river catchments and reaches, with potential to simulate thousands of years of data. \nCaesar Lisflood is a geomorphological / Landscape evolution model that combines the Lisflood-FP 2d hydrodynamic flow model (Bates et al, 2010) with the CAESAR geomorphic model to simulate erosion and deposition in river catchments and reaches over time scales from hours to 1000's of years"]
["Strengths","open source","Weaknesses","Requires significant sediment size and load information that is expensive to gather"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Opensource (https://code.google.com/p/caesar-lisflood/)","Key Case studies","Pontbren (Thorne et al, 2010)"]
["Typology dependencies","It is a sediment transport model","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://www.coulthard.org.uk/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Coulthard, 2013\nMcIntyre and Thorne, 2013"]

{"sheet":"Tool_32","index":36,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","HEC-SIAM (HEC-RAS)",null,null,null,"ID",32]
["Processes","Sediment mobilisation",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5"]
["Description","Able to quantify local sediment imbalances and downstream sediment yields under different catchment and river management scenarios"]
["Strengths","Rapid assessment of catchment wide scenarios","Weaknesses","Requires transfer of morphological change data to another flood model to demonstrate impacts on flood levels"]
["Data Requirements / issues","see HEC website","Key Case studies","River Tone"]
["Typology dependencies","It is a sediment transport model","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","\nMcIntyre and Thorne, 2013.\n"]

{"sheet":"Tool_33","index":37,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","SHETRAN",null,null,null,"ID",33]
["Processes","Land use management change and hydrology",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","SHETRAN is a physically-based spatially-distributed hydrological model. It can be used to investigate the impacts of land use management changes on hydrological processes through multiple scales"]
["Strengths","Can model or water flow, solute and sediment transport in river catchments at multiple scales and multiple resolutions. Consideration of detailed catchment processes","Weaknesses","Issues with complexity and equifinality"]
["Data Requirements / issues","see website for details","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Has additional components for sediment erosion and transport and for contaminant transport integrated into the system","Ecosystem Services / goods","contaminant transport possible, hydromorphology"]
["Web Address","http://research.ncl.ac.uk/shetran/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see website"]

{"sheet":"Tool_34","index":38,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","TOPMODEL and Dynamic TOPMODEL",null,null,null,"ID",34]
["Processes","Hydrology: predicts saturation excess and infiltration excess surface runoff and subsurface stormflow",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4 5"]
["Description","TOPMODEL is a rainfall-runoff model that bases its distributed predictions on an analysis of catchment topography. The model predicts saturation excess and infiltration excess surface runoff and subsurface stormflow. Since the first article was published about the model in 1979 there have been many different versions. The idea has always been that the model should be simple enough to be modified by the user so that the predictions conform as far as possible to the user's perceptions of how a catchment works. The distributed outputs from the model (as shown in the demonstration screen below) help in such assessments. \n\nPeter Metcalfe (Lancaster PhD, sponsored by JBA Trust) has developed an open-source version of this widely used rainfall-runoff model which can be used to assess the influence of topographic ‘damming’ at the field scale on flood peaks and storage.  Dynamic TOPMODEL can be used for small watersheds in a study area to understand the impact on flood risk downstream"]
["Strengths","Low parameter numbers,\nSimple enough to be modified by the user so that the predictions conform as far as possible to the user's perceptions of how a catchment works.","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Free R version available : http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/topmodel/topmodel.pdf","Key Case studies","Numerous"]
["Typology dependencies","Through  hydrological response units thhat are dependent on  slope, etc","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation"]
["Web Address","http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/topmodel/topmodel.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Beven and Kirkby, 1979"]

{"sheet":"Tool_35","index":39,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","MOPS spreadsheets",null,null,null,"ID",35]
["Processes","Costs of diffuse pollution mitigation",null,null,"Process IDs"," 5 6"]
["Description","To determine the cost of the approaches, simple financial spreadsheet models were constructed at both farm and regional levels. Taking into account crop areas, crop rotation margins per hectare were calculated to reflect the costs of crop establishment, fertiliser and agro-chemical applications, harvesting, and the associated labour and machinery costs. Variable and operating costs associated with each mitigation option were then incorporated to demonstrate the impact on the relevant crop enterprise and crop rotation margins. These costs were then compared to runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss data obtained from monitoring hillslope-length scale field plots. Each of the mitigation options explored in this study had potential for reducing sediment and phosphorus losses from arable land under cereal crops. Sediment losses were reduced from between 9 kg ha−1 to as much as 4780 kg ha−1 with a corresponding reduction in phosphorus loss from 0.03 kg ha−1 to 2.89 kg ha−1. In percentage terms reductions of phosphorus were between 9% and 99%. Impacts on crop rotation margins also varied. Minimum tillage resulted in cost savings (up to £50 ha−1) whilst other options showed increased costs (up to £19 ha−1 for straw residue incorporation). Overall, the results indicate that each of the options has potential for on-farm implementation. However, tramline management appeared to have the greatest potential for reducing runoff, sediment, and phosphorus losses from arable land (between 69% and 99%) and is likely to be considered cost-effective with only a small additional cost of £2–4 ha−1, although further work is needed to evaluate alternative tramline management methods. (Bailey et al., 2013)"]
["Strengths","Compilation of costs from wide range of studies","Weaknesses","Scale issue - costing spreadsheet not scale dependent?"]
["Data Requirements / issues","see http://mops2.diffusepollution.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Deasy_et_al.2010_TheEnvironmentalist.pdf","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","more about land use","Ecosystem Services / goods","Costs of mitigation"]
["Web Address","http://mops2.diffusepollution.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Deasy_et_al.2010_TheEnvironmentalist.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Bailey et al, 2013"]

{"sheet":"Tool_36","index":40,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","FARMSCOPER (FARM Scale Optimisation of Pollutant Emission Reductions)",null,null,null,"ID",36]
["Processes","Costs and benefits of CSF interventions",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5 6"]
["Description","This free decision support tool created by ADAS is designed to assist with determinging the diffuse agricultural pollution loads to a farm. The tool also has the capability of quantifying the potential impacts (biodiversity, water use and energy use) of utitilising over 100 different farm pollution mitigation methods. A degree of customisation exisits within the tool; farm systems can be modified to reflect representative management and environmental conditions at the farm."]
["Strengths","Quantification of a range of services for different measures","Weaknesses","Based onfixed types of interventions and assumptions aoiut emissions"]
["Data Requirements / issues","unrestricted","Key Case studies","Zhang et al., 2012 - Hampshire Avon"]
["Typology dependencies","more about land use","Ecosystem Services / goods","water quality"]
["Web Address","http://www.adas.uk/Services/Service/farmscoper-397 ","Open Source?","N","Citations","see website"]

{"sheet":"Tool_37","index":41,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Catchment Change Matrix (CCM)",null,null,null,"ID",37]
["Processes","Estimates pollutant reductions associated with control methods, calculating their cumulative effect",null,null,"Process IDs",6]
["Description","Using a modelled baseline the Catchment Change Matrix (CCM) estimates pollution reductions associated with varying control methods, generating their cumulative effect. The reductions are based on previously qauntified effects from measures within the 'Inventory of methods to control Diffuse Water Pollutants from Agriculture (DWPA)'. "]
["Strengths","Very large database covering 100,000 farms at holding level","Weaknesses","Availability?"]
["Data Requirements / issues","restricted / data protection?","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","more about land use","Ecosystem Services / goods","food production;"]
["Web Address","Held by the Environment gency CSF team","Open Source?","N","Citations","see https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/429216/Annex_4_River_Avon_Nutrient_Management_Plan_Technical_Annex_Final_30_April_2015.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Tool_38","index":42,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","NEAP-N and MAGPIE",null,null,null,"ID",38]
["Processes","National scale assessment of Nitrate leachates from agricultural land - predicts annual average soil drainage, total nitrate load and peak nitrate concentrations in agricultural leachate ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5 6"]
["Description","The National Environment and Agricultural Pollution Nitrate (NEAP-N) model predicts annual average soil drainage, total nitrate load and peak nitrate concentrations in agricultural leachate at a national scale. The tool forms part of the MAGPIE model which supports and develops government policies on mitrate leaching. "]
["Strengths","National coverage, used for WFD","Weaknesses","diffuse concentrations require correction when for example imprtoed to an in-channel model such as SIMCAT"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Y","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","more about land use","Ecosystem Services / goods","food production;"]
["Web Address","ADAS","Open Source?","N","Citations","Lord, E. and Anthony, S. 2000. MAGPIE: a modelling framework for evaluating nitrate\nlosses at national and catchment scales. Soil Use and Management 16, pp 167-174"]

{"sheet":"Tool_39","index":43,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","SIMCAT",null,null,null,"ID",39]
["Processes","Water quality modelling ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5 6"]
["Description","SIMCAT is a stochastic deterministic river water quality model which is capable of simulating the rivers flow and water quality at any given point within the river catchment. The model can be used to assess the impact of discharges into the river. River water quality, discharge quality and flow are statistically expressed.  This tool is widely used by EA, SEPA and NRW for setting pollution consents and planning puroposes, to assessing polluted waters from P and NO3 under EC drivers. "]
["Strengths","Widely used by the EA and partners \nSimple concepts\nFlexible as to where point and diffuse sources are added","Weaknesses","No land phase so user must have access to diffuse pollution concentrations\nlack of transparency with source code and versioning"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Apply to Environment Agency for license","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","Uses a lot of monitoring data dependent on typology","Ecosystem Services / goods","purification"]
["Web Address","Held by the Environment Agency","Open Source?","Y","Citations","http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/5979557/a-review-of-currently-available-in-stream-water-quality-models-and-their-applicability-for"]

{"sheet":"Tool_40","index":44,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","SAGIS",null,null,null,"ID",40]
["Processes","ArcGIS front-end to SIMCAT that incorporates gridded diffuse pollutant data",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5 6"]
["Description","SAGIS is a GIS implementation of SIMCAT which combines a large number diffuse pollutants and attempts to incorporate loads from continuous and intermittent discharges. It was funded through UKWIR R&D, under a project in 2012."]
["Strengths","Spatial represnetation of widely used SIMCAT model","Weaknesses","Outputs from project not clear yet\n"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Can be requested from EA for EA projects - but was based on an UKWIR R&D project so incurs costs","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","N","Ecosystem Services / goods","N"]
["Web Address","NA","Open Source?","N","Citations","Daldorf, 2013, CEH workshop"]

{"sheet":"Tool_41","index":45,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ",null,null,null,"ID",41]
["Processes","complete catchment modelling of hydrology and wate rquality",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 4 5 6"]
["Description","SWAT is an open-source semi-distributed hydrology and water quality model capable of modelling nutrient and suspended sediment transport. The model is capable of assessing water resource and non-point source pollution issues at a variety of scales, covering a range of environmental conditions.  It requires detailed datasets, and builds Hydrological Response Units from unique combinations of Land Cover (LCM2007, CORINE), Soils (NSRI / NATMAP) and slope (derived from a DTM).  The hydrology is based on the US SCS curve approach, and the model has the full nutrient cycles. "]
["Strengths","Capable of continuous simulation over a long period of time.                                                          Capable of modelling irrigation practises.                                                Possible to account for conservation practises; terraces, strip cropping, contouring, grassed waterways, filter strips and conservation tillage.                                                                                      Multiple applications                                    Combines upland and channel processes into one simulation package.                                                  Flexible framework ","Weaknesses","Simplified processes used.                               Hydrologic Response Units (HSU) are non-spatial - and can lead to lack of spatial detail.                     "]
["Data Requirements / issues","Watershed dimensions, daily precipitation,  max & min temperatures, solar radiation data,relative humidity, wind speed data, potential and actual evapotranspiration, knowledge of plant cover and land use/ management, soil data (physical and chemical properties), channel characteristics","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","Using HRU type approach - land use,  soil and slope classes are set up","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood moderation and wate purification"]
["Web Address","http://swat.tamu.edu/ ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Gassman et al. (2007); Neitsch et al. (2002) "]

{"sheet":"Tool_42","index":46,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","INCA-P",null,null,null,"ID",42]
["Processes","Models Phosphorous within the cacthement - can link to land use changes and management ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","This process based, semi-distributed, mass balance model is capable of assessing the effects of multiple Phosphorus sources on water quality and aquatic ecology within heterogeneous river systems. The semi-distributed representation of land uses within the river system enables the impact of management practises such as fertiliser application to be assessed. The model has four components; GIS interface (displays sub-catchment boundaries and calculates the areas of different land uses), a land-phase hydrological model (calculates flow through the soil and groundwater from effective rainfall and direct runoff), land-phase P model (simulates P stores and transformations within the soil and groundwater) and the in-stream P model (simulates in stream P dilations  and transformations, showing the corresponding growth responses from algal, epiphyte and macrophyte ciommunities). The model requires the user to provide hydrologically effective rainfall (HER) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) time series. "]
["Strengths","Widely used at a strategic level in the UK - also used in SAGIS on a 1km grid","Weaknesses","requires some calibration for in-water estimates of soluble reactive phosphate"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Total Phosphorus and Soluble Reactive Phosphorus streamwater concentrations, 1 km2 resolution land use data, daily precipitation record, daily discahrges, flow velocities, daily MORECS rainfall, temperature and soil moisture data, base flow index, a survey of fertiliser application practises including timings of applications, survey of growing season, hydrological effective rainfall (HER) ","Key Case studies","Eden"]
["Typology dependencies","Land use only and external hydrology","Ecosystem Services / goods","water purifcation; food production"]
["Web Address","http://www.reading.ac.uk/geographyandenvironmentalscience/research/INCA/","Open Source?","N","Citations","Wade et al. (2002); Whitehead et al. (2007)  "]

{"sheet":"Tool_43","index":47,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","INCA-N",null,null,null,"ID",43]
["Processes","Models Nitrogen within the cacthement - can link to land use changes and management ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 6"]
["Description","This process based, semi-distributed, mass balance model is capable of assessing the effects of multiple Nitrogen sources on water quality and aquatic ecology within heterogeneous river systems. The semi-distributed representation of land uses within the river system enables the impact of management practises such as fertiliser application to be assessed. The model has five components; GIS interface (displays sub-catchment boundaries and calculates the areas of different land uses), a nitrogen input model, a hydrological model , a catchment nitrogen process model and a river nitrogen process model. The model requires the user to provide hydrologically effective rainfall (HER) and soil moisture deficit (SMD) time series. "]
["Strengths","Widely used - at 1km for strategic studies, also used in SAGIS and CSF modelling","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Mean daily flow, stream water nitrate and ammonium concentrations ( as nitrogen and loads from cacthment land uses and vegetation types), daily rainfall and temperatures, soil moisture deficit, hydrological effective rainfall (HER), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen,  fertiliser applications, land uses, soil N process rates, crop management ","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","Land use only and external hydrology","Ecosystem Services / goods","water purifcation; food production"]
["Web Address","http://www.reading.ac.uk/geographyandenvironmentalscience/research/INCA/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Bastrup-Birk and Gundersen (2004); Neal et al. (2002); Whitehead et al. (2007) "]

{"sheet":"Tool_44","index":48,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","HYPE",null,null,null,"ID",44]
["Processes","Integrated diffuse pollution modelling",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","HYPE is an open-source semi-distributed Swedish hydrological water quality nutrient package. It is a process-based integrated catchment model that can be applied to small and large scale water resource assessments. The landscape is divided into three classes according to soil type, vegetation and altitude. Soil can be divided into three layers and water and substances are routed through the  same flow and storage paths.  It incorporates phosphorus and nitrate nutrient cycles and uses a combination of land cover (e.g. CORINE, LCM2007) and soils (e.g. NSRI NATMAP) to derive hydrological response units. It has been implemented at the European level and there is a growing community of users. It is used by Swedish water authorities to characterise, forecast and perform scenario analyses for water resources and nutrient status to help meet WFD targets. "]
["Strengths","Free, with downloadable source code;\nnew wiki pages","Weaknesses","Requires time to understand how to set up;\nstill a strategic level tool"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Completely open-source with source code avaiable","Key Case studies","Weaver"]
["Typology dependencies","Using HRU type approach - land use and  soil classes are set up","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood  moderation and water purification"]
["Web Address","http://hype.sourceforge.net/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","http://hype.sourceforge.net/"]

{"sheet":"Tool_45","index":49,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Fieldmouse",null,null,null,"ID",45]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description"]
["Strengths","Covers land and water phase\nSpatial S-P-R Framework\nintermediate model making use of a lot of spatial data","Weaknesses","Annual average values\n"]
["Data Requirements / issues","EA aiming for open software version in the long term","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","Through consideration of a loss rate dependent on lsoils, land cover and slope","Ecosystem Services / goods","water purification"]
["Web Address","http://www.catchmentbasedapproach.org/best-practice/use-data/fieldmouse","Open Source?","N","Citations","Poster at international Diffuse Pollution Conference, Berlin, 2015"]

{"sheet":"Tool_46","index":50,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","SCIMAP",null,null,null,"ID",46]
["Processes","Diffuse pollution risk mapping",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","SCIMAP is an open-source (web-based) diffuse pollution risk mapping package. It can be used with DTM (requires topographic resolution of 10m or finer e.g. NEXTMAP or OS Landform Profile) and land use data (e.g. CORINE, LCM2007) as well as annual average rainfall data in order to understand the risks of erosion and deposition of diffuse pollutant sources. It operates at a landscape scale and results in targeting mitigation actions at a landscape scale. It maps source risk areas and connections to rivers or lakes. It has a wide range of users in academia as well as the Environment Agency. "]
["Strengths","Website version, very easy to use and large user community","Weaknesses","Risk maps rather than sediment transport\nSmall-scale management features are not represented in the spatial datasets and hence cannot be represented. "]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM (at least 10m) and Land Cover","Key Case studies","Has been used by EA,  NE and Rivers Trusts on a wide range of projects including investigating CSF;"]
["Typology dependencies","Land cover map and slope","Ecosystem Services / goods","sediment and erosion regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.scimap.org.uk/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Milledge et al., (2009); Reaney et al., (2007)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_47","index":51,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","MIKE SHE",null,null,null,"ID",47]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","MIKE SHE is a physically based, distributed,  intergrated cacthment model capable of modelling groundwater, surface water, recharge and evapotranspiration. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","requires license from DHI","Key Case studies","Glaven"]
["Typology dependencies","through changing boundary conditions ","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-she ","Open Source?","N","Citations","see https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-she"]

{"sheet":"Tool_48","index":52,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","MIKE BASIN / changing to MIKE HYDRO Basins",null,null,null,"ID",48]
["Processes","Simplified catchment scale modelling of complex networks - allows for continuous flow simulation, distributed routing, water quality. Soon to be updated in standalone software not linled to ArcGIS",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5 6"]
["Description","MIKE BASIN  is a quasi-steady state mass balance model which combines an ArcGIS interface with hydrological modelling to enable the analysis of water resources and water quality issues. The model comprises of a network of branches, representing individual stream sections and nodes, representing confluences, diversions, reservoirs or water users. "]
["Strengths","Simplified represnetation of in-channel flows requiring lss data than a hydrodynamic model that requires cross section survey","Weaknesses","Difficult to use and conceptualise; help difficult to follow"]
["Data Requirements / issues","requires license from DHI","Key Case studies","Yorkshire Water Don model"]
["Typology dependencies","through changing boundary conditions ","Ecosystem Services / goods","can be used to assess pollution assimilation"]
["Web Address","https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/products/mike-hydro-basin","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_49","index":53,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","MIKE11",null,null,null,"ID",49]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4 5 6"]
["Description"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","requires license from DHI","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","through changing boundary conditions ","Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/ ","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_50","index":54,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) -  Water Quality",null,null,null,"ID",50]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","HEC-RAS is a one dimentional hydraulic model owned by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The model contains four 1D river analysis components; steady flow water surface profile computations (capable of modelling a full network of channels under mixed,  sub- and super critical flow regimes), unsteady flow simulation (capable of modelling mixed flow regimes), movable boundary sediment transport computations and water quality analysis (Dissolved Nitrogen (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and Org-N); Dissolved Phosphorus (PO4-P and Org-P); Algae; Dissolved Oxygen (DO); and Carbonaceous Biological Oxygen Demand (CBOD)). "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","River system schematic, cross-section data, hydraulic structure data, flow data (steady or unsteady) ","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","through changing boundary conditions ","Ecosystem Services / goods","floood moderation, erosion regulation, water purifcation"]
["Web Address","http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/ ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see webisite"]

{"sheet":"Tool_51","index":55,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","CaBA Mentoring website",null,null,null,"ID",51]
["Processes","Advice on setting up / mentoring CABA",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","The Catchment Based Approach (CaBA) embeds collaborative working at a river catchment scale to deliver cross cutting improvements to our water environments. Community partnerships, bringing local knowledge and expertise, are active in each of the 100+ Water Framework Directive catchments across England, including those cross border with Wales. More than 1500 organisations are engaged with CaBA nationwide including NGOs, Water Companies, Local Authorities, Government Agencies, Landowners, Angling Clubs, Farmer Representative Bodies, Academia and Local Businesses."]
["Strengths","Engagement, knowledge transfer, ownership","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","NA"]
["Web Address","http://www.catchmentbasedapproach.org/best-practice/data/mentoring","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_52","index":56,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","NWRM ",null,null,null,"ID",52]
["Processes","Catalogue of benefits and case studies for Natural Water Retention Measures",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","Catalogue of benefits and case studies for Natural Water Retention Measures"]
["Strengths","Very well catalogued Benefits and Case Studies","Weaknesses","Currently does not have many UK case studies;\nDoes not include specific category of 'performance'"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","see website","Ecosystem Services / goods","well classified - see website"]
["Web Address","http://recette.nwrm.eu/","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see http://www.crew.ac.uk/publications"]

{"sheet":"Tool_53","index":57,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","CREW NFM",null,null,null,"ID",53]
["Processes","On-line Scottish Government and SEPA database on NFM containing photographic records, simple descriptions of individual interventions, and details of their efficacy from demonstration sites in Scotland. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","The CREW NFM Database aims to enhance the existing Scottish Government and SEPA database with additional information especially: photographic records, simple descriptions of individual interventions, and details of their efficacy from demonstration sites in Scotland. This data will help local authorities, landowners and riparian managers in making informed land use decisions.\n\nThe database can be accessed either by using the Interactive Map or via our Case Study page.\n\nThe information contained within the database has been obtained from a variety of sources with permission being sought from those individuals or organisations responsible.\n\nWe are keen to expand and enhance the information contained within the database, consequently, if you have any queries or comments regarding the information already contained within the database we would appreciate if you could contact us.\n"]
["Strengths","Geo data\nCollating data on 'efficacy' ","Weaknesses","does efficacy imply performance?"]
["Data Requirements / issues","open resource","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://www.crew.ac.uk/content/natural-flood-management-database ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see webisite"]

{"sheet":"Tool_54","index":58,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","SCS curve number (CN) method ",null,null,null,"ID",54]
["Processes","To predict direct runoff or infiltration from rainfall excess ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5"]
["Description","SCS curve number (CN) method (USDA, 2004). The CN approach is implemented in a number of catchment models (e.g. SWAT—Arnold et al., 1998) and has been shown to be robust across a wide range of climatic, soil and land covers within many modelling studies in the UK, Europe and wider (e.g. Gassman et al., 2007)."]
["Strengths","Simple approach based on physical  soil characteristics","Weaknesses","Developed in the US"]
["Data Requirements / issues","A set of published curves","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","dependent on soils / geology","Ecosystem Services / goods","NA"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_55","index":59,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Land Management CFMP Tool ",null,null,null,"ID",55]
["Processes","Assessment of land management practises on the flood hydrograph ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5 6"]
["Description","The Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP) tool considers all types of inland flooding (rivers, groundwater, surface water and tidal). The EA's tool allows quantitive assessment of how land management and land use changes alter the flood hydrograph. This tool helps target land management approaches which reduce flooding, potentially allowing Natural Flood Management (NFM) techniques to be compared to traditional engineered approaches.   "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_56","index":60,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Polyscape ",null,null,null,"ID",56]
["Processes","Assessment of the potential landscape management options available to establish various ecosystem services",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","Polyscape, a multi-criteria decision making tool, specifically designed to assess the potential landscape management options available to establish various ecosystem services, including flood mitigation. Polyscape is a GIS based tool, designed to work at a variety of scales (field to 10,000km2) with varying levels of analysis complexity (single criteria to multiple criteria analysis). The tool has been designed to be quick, simple and transparent to use, giving the users flexibility to alter criteria and incorporate local stakeholder knowledge. A traffic light mapping system is used by Polyscape to map out the analysis results, generating a clear visualisation, allowing quick identification of potential development areas or areas for protection. The tool is based around 8 simple algorithms (Habitat augmentation, flood mitigation, erosion/ sediment delivery risk, carbon sequestration, agricultural valuation, trade-offs and co-benefits, pre-processing and editing) which utilise readily available data as data deficiencies is highlighted as one of the major limitations of this tool. The assessments and criteria used are informed by expert knowledge."]
["Strengths","Quick, simple and transparent to use. The tool enables multi-criteria analysis and enables the user to adjust parameters and encorporate local stake holder knowledge. ","Weaknesses","Limited by data quality and availability. "]
["Data Requirements / issues","DEM, land use, soil data, stream network data, geological data, habitat data and various key parameters","Key Case studies","Pontbren Catchment (Mid Wales) (12.5km2)"]
["Typology dependencies","Land cover / multiple constraints","Ecosystem Services / goods","Habitat, flood mitigation, erosion/ sediment delivery risk, carbon sequestration, agricultural valuation"]
["Web Address","http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204612003532","Open Source?","Y","Citations","Jackson et al. (2013)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_57","index":61,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Catchment Systems Engineering (CSE) Approach ",null,null,null,"ID",57]
["Processes","A framework for managing catchment run-off ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 6"]
["Description","The Catchment Systems Engineering (CSE) approach as a method of managing flood risk and water quality. CSE is an “Interventionist approach to altering the catchment scale runoff regime through the manipulation of hydrological flow pathways throughout the catchment.” By managing the sources of flow pathways it is possible to reduce runoff, therefore ameliorating issues of soil nutrient loss. The foundation of this approach is local stakeholder involvement. The engagement of local stakeholders in problem solving improves chances of success. Their input on local concerns helps drive relevant research outputs which can help improve farming practises and policies in a realistic way. An examplar run-off framework was created for this approach in the Belford Burn Catchment. This framework involved the following steps; (1)The concept for catchment change (CSE approach), (2) Catchment characterisation, (3) Education and knowledge exchange, (4) Demonstration and regulation, (5) Implementation. "]
["Strengths","Stakeholder involvment ","Weaknesses","Not widely used yet?"]
["Data Requirements / issues","FEH descriptors","Key Case studies","Belford Burn Catchment, Northumberland "]
["Typology dependencies","FEH descriptors","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood Regulation"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations","Wilkinson et al. (2014)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_58","index":62,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) ",null,null,null,"ID",58]
["Processes","A set of environmental objectives and subsequent measures generated as a result of an economic analysis of all the water uses within the RBD and an analysis of the pressures and impacts on the aquatic environment.",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2"]
["Description","As a requirment of the WFD, the 10 river basin districts (RBD) within England and Wales have had RBMP made. The RBMP consists of an economic analysis of all the water uses within the RBD and an analysis of the pressures and impacts on the aquatic environment. Environmental objectives for all groundwater, surface water and protected areas within the RBD should be outlined within the RBMP, including a programme of measures to achieve the environmental objectives. An assessment of the WFD status of water within the RBD is also outlined. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses","Currency"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Report and maps","Key Case studies","Ribble"]
["Typology dependencies","Each plan discussed typological considerations relvant to catchment","Ecosystem Services / goods","see Opportunity maps in the RBMPs"]
["Web Address","https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/river-basin-management-plans ","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/river-basin-management-plans"]

{"sheet":"Tool_59","index":63,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","LiDAR ",null,null,null,"ID",59]
["Processes","Creation of a 3d digital terrain model which can be analysed for a wide range of purposes",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","LiDAR forms the asis of many terrain based analyses and the representation of topography in many models"]
["Strengths","Versatility\ninexpensive compared to ground based survey","Weaknesses","licensing can be an issue\nresolution limts the processes that can be represented"]
["Data Requirements / issues","tpyically requires license or purchase","Key Case studies","All"]
["Typology dependencies","N","Ecosystem Services / goods","N"]
["Web Address","https://www.geomatics-group.co.uk/GeoCMS/Order.aspx","Open Source?","N","Citations","NA"]

{"sheet":"Tool_60","index":64,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Hydrology Of Soil Types (HOST) dataset  ",null,null,null,"ID",60]
["Processes","A 1km  grid of the UK's soils; 29 soil classes based on hydrological processes. ",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","The UK's soils have been categorised into 29 soil classes, grouped by their hydrological properties. The HOST dataset contains a 1km grided map of the UK's soils based on this classification system. The dominant HOST class and a percentage breakdown of the HOST classes are available for each 1km grid square. The HOST data can be used to calculate the Baseflow Index (BFI) and the standard percentage runoff. From these values low flows and flood statistics can be calculated for ungauged catchments. "]
["Strengths","UK coverage; widely used","Weaknesses","data licensing;\nThere has been discussion of creation of a new finer resolution dataset"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies","Clwyd"]
["Typology dependencies","Soil type","Ecosystem Services / goods","food production"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_61","index":65,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA)",null,null,null,"ID",61]
["Processes","A 1km grid of European soil erosion risks associated with water erosion.  ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","Soil erosion across Europe has been quantified and the associated risks calculated using process-based, spatially distributed modelling. The PESERSA model is primarily for modelling erosion by water however model extensions can be used to assess tillage and wind erosion. "]
["Strengths","European open data","Weaknesses","coarse scale"]
["Data Requirements / issues","available on request :http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ESDB_Archive/pesera/pesera_data.html","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","from physical characteristics","Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esdb_archive/pesera/pesera_download.html","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see website"]

{"sheet":"Tool_62","index":66,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Catchment Walkovers - Water Framework Directive ",null,null,null,"ID",62]
["Processes","Catchment walkovers provide an initial assessment of the watercourse, identifying potential pollution sources or features under pressure which then can received focussed management. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","A catchment walkover involves a survey of the waterbody of interest and it's connecting features. The survey aims to identify features of interest or under pressure (e.g. from point source or diffuse pollution, hydromorphology or invasive non-native species), as this will allow for targeted management. Water quality monitoring,  biological monitoring and sediment sampling form part of the assessment. "]
["Strengths","*Quick to conduct and relatively cheap.                     *Provides a baseline assessment. ","Weaknesses","Huge national network not all of which will be accessible and may require permits"]
["Data Requirements / issues","EA data","Key Case studies","Ribble"]
["Typology dependencies","Assessment of sediments","Ecosystem Services / goods","NA"]
["Web Address","NA","Open Source?","Y","Citations","widely used in numerous catchment studies"]

{"sheet":"Tool_63","index":67,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH)",null,null,null,"ID",63]
["Processes","Flood Estimation for any UK location. ",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","The Flood Estimation Handbook comprises of 5 books entitled; Overview, Rainfall frequency estimation, Statistical procedures for flood frequency estimation, Rainfall-runoff method and catchment descriptors  (25 descriptors). Accompanying the books is computer software (FEH CD-ROM) which contains catchment descriptors for 4 million UK catchments (catchments which drain an area of 0.5km2 or more), the WINFAP-FEH statistical method and the ReFH rainfall runoff model (designed to model ungauged catchments). The FEH rainfall-runoff model is able to generate flood hydrographs for designed flood events of specified return periods for any UK location. The model combines a unit hydrograph and design storm approach and contains two principle model parameters; Standard Percentage Runoff (SPR) and Time to Peak (Tp). The FEH CD-ROM possesses catchment descriptors which can easily be exported for any given UK location. "]
["Strengths","Widely adopted and well documented for flood estimatiion\nCatchment descipttors can be changed to reflect working with natural processes\n","Weaknesses","Difficult to interrogate at large scale - EA has license to batch-interrogate"]
["Data Requirements / issues","License required ","Key Case studies","Most where design hydrographs used"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://www.ceh.ac.uk/feh2/fehintro.html","Open Source?","N","Citations","IH, 1999\nPackman et al. (2004) "]

{"sheet":"Tool_64","index":68,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Historic Flood Map ",null,null,null,"ID",64]
["Processes","Outline of known historic flooding for fluvial and coastal",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Historic Flood Outlines is the maximum extent of all recorded individual Historic Flood Events Outlines from river the sea and groundwater springs and shows areas of land that have previously been subject to flooding in England & Wales. The data is updated every three months but may not change quarter to quarter if there have been any significant flood events in the preceding period. The dataset consists of spatial data only. "]
["Strengths","Resource to check alongside other records from e.g. local libaries","Weaknesses","fluvial and coastal flooding only cited"]
["Data Requirements / issues","on opendata.gov","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","NA"]
["Web Address","http://data.gov.uk/dataset/historic-flood-map-afa013","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_65","index":69,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Eel/ Fish passage/barrier data ",null,null,null,"ID",65]
["Processes","Identification of fish pass structures to understand connectivity and habitat ",null,null,"Process IDs"]
["Description","EA dataset - see link to manual for fish passes"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","see manual","Ecosystem Services / goods","Biology"]
["Web Address","https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/298053/geho0910btbp-e-e.pdf","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_66","index":70,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Wetland vision maps ",null,null,null,"ID",66]
["Processes","Maps of local plans for wetland protection and restoration. ",null,null,"Process IDs",5]
["Description","Partnerships across the UK worked together to generate wetland vision maps and plans for their local wetlands. The visions aimed to benefit local people, wildlife and the historic environment. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses","Patchy coverage across the UK. "]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://www.wetlandvision.org.uk/visions.aspx?id=14 ","Open Source?","N","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_67","index":71,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Flood Defence data - AIMS / NFCDD",null,null,null,"ID",67]
["Processes","Flood defence asset dataset for the UK",null,null,"Process IDs"," 3 4 5"]
["Description","The AIMS dataset contains detailed asset information for all UK flood defences. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Environment Agency dataset","Key Case studies","Lustrum Beck"]
["Typology dependencies","Attribute of defence data","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood regulation; protection of people and communities"]
["Web Address","https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/290663/scho0305biqm-e-e.pdf","Open Source?","N","Citations","http://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2007-01-11b.109974.h"]

{"sheet":"Tool_68","index":72,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Broadscale JFLOW fluvial method",null,null,null,"ID",68]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 3 4 5"]
["Description","Jflow, designed by JBA consulting,  is a 2D hydrodynamic model which is capable of simulating overland flooding. "]
["Strengths","Very rapid ;\nfull shallow water equation solver;\nvery robust","Weaknesses","Not licensed - can be run as a service and detailed outputs available nationally for surface water from the Environment Agency website"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Outputs available from the Environment Agency  under license for the updated Flood Map for Surface water","Key Case studies","Oxfordshire headwaters NFU project"]
["Typology dependencies","Through hydrological boundary consitions","Ecosystem Services / goods","flood regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.jbaconsulting.com/","Open Source?","N","Citations","LAMB, R., CROSSLEY, A., WALLER, S., 2009. A fast 2d floodplain inundation model. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Water Management, Volume 162."]

{"sheet":"Tool_69","index":73,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Water Framework Directive (WFD) classification ",null,null,null,"ID",69]
["Processes","WFD classification indicates the current ecological and chemical quality of the waterbody. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 6"]
["Description","Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), member states are required to classify their waterbodies according to the WFD classification system. The WFD classification system assesses a water bodies ecological, chemical and physical (Hydromorphology) status using given environmental quality standards. The WFD assessments assign the water body a WFD status; Ecological status goes from bad to high and Chemical status has two classifications; 'failing to achieve good' or 'good'. "]
["Strengths","Summary at national scale","Weaknesses","can be based on distant monitoring"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Environment Agency - reportd to the EU","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","in detail","Ecosystem Services / goods","most - see RBMP"]
["Web Address","https://data.gov.uk/dataset/water-framework-directive-classification","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_70","index":74,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Digital Terrain Model   (DTM) ",null,null,null,"ID",70]
["Processes","Topographic elevation data ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5"]
["Description","Digital Terrain Models (DTM) are a digital representation of the topographic elevation of the bare earth surface. The data comes in raster format with x,y and Z values which represent elevation. The DTM raster and can easily be manipulated within GIS software. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses","Quality of the data "]
["Data Requirements / issues","Some DTMs are free such as the global SRTM and the UK OS OpenData Terrain data","Key Case studies","Most case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","NA"]
["Web Address","NA","Open Source?","Y","Citations","NA"]

{"sheet":"Tool_71","index":75,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","PSYCHIC-P Model ",null,null,null,"ID",71]
["Processes","GIS based decision support tool to assess the sources, mobilisation methods and delivery pathways of  phosphorus and any associated sediment. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 6"]
["Description","The Phosphorus and Sediment Yield Characterisation in Catchments (PSYCHIC) model is a decision support tool which is capable of predicting agricultural land pollution losses based on the characterisation of source, mobilisation and delivery processes for phosphorus and sediment.  Sources of phosphorus which are accounted for within the model include; manures, fertilisers and residual soil sources. Dissolution and soil detachment  represent the mobilisation of phosphorus and sediment. PSYCHIC models the surface and subsurface flows to show how dissolved and particulate phosphorus and the associated sediment are delivered to the water courses. The model accounts for land management practises arrising from policy initiatives, landscape factors and climate variations. Within GIS, PSYCHIC is able to predict the spatial (field to national scale) and temporal (monthly time-step) distribution of flow, sediment and phosphorus. The effectivness and impacts of phosphorus and sediment mitigation methods can be analysed within PSYCHIC. "]
["Strengths","Has been used widely and in support of the Water Framework Directive Risk Assessment","Weaknesses","When used in combination with SIMCAT, it has been found that the soluble fraction has to be corrected - typically using regression. "]
["Data Requirements / issues","license required","Key Case studies","Wyre / Fieldmouse investigation"]
["Typology dependencies","land use and cover","Ecosystem Services / goods","water purification"]
["Web Address","http://www.adas.uk/Services","Open Source?","N","Citations","Davison et al., 2008"]

{"sheet":"Tool_72","index":76,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","LISFLOOD",null,null,null,"ID",72]
["Processes","Runoff routing model that uses a diffusion wave approximation to the 2d shallow water equations for overland flow",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 4 5"]
["Description","LISFLOOD is a 2D, GIS-based hydrological rainfall-runoff-routing model. The model is designed to simulate floodplain inundation in locations of complex topography. The grided cell system of LISFLOOD provides predicted water depths for each cell at each time step modelled. The model can be used to conduct flood forecasting and to assess the effects of river regulation measures, land use changes or climate change. Four components make up LISFLOOD; a 2-layer soil water balance sub-model, groundwater and subsurface flow sub-models, a sub-model which routes surface runoff to the nearest river channel and a channel flow routing sub-model. "]
["Strengths","Very fast and adapted to understand flood flow pathways for a number of investigations","Weaknesses","Diffusion wave approximation so will not handle all hydrodynamic situations"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods","none directly"]
["Web Address","http://www.bristol.ac.uk/geography/research/hydrology/models/lisflood/ ","Open Source?","N","Citations","JRC (2008) "]

{"sheet":"Tool_73","index":77,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Environmental Virtual Observatory (EVO) ",null,null,null,"ID",73]
["Processes","NERC funded, software as a service",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5"]
["Description","EVO is designed to integrate across datasets and models, facilitated by a cloud computing infrastructure"]
["Strengths","Software as a service - answering plain English questions","Weaknesses","proof of concept project"]
["Data Requirements / issues","no actual tool to use? but provides a framework and methodology of setting up a cloud platform","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods","see project report"]
["Web Address","http://www.evo-uk.org","Open Source?","N","Citations","see website for project report"]

{"sheet":"Tool_74","index":78,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","TOPMODEL and Dynamic TOPMODEL",null,null,null,"ID",74]
["Processes","Rainfall runoff model",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Dynamic TOPMODEL is flexible in the characteristics used in defining its calculation units and also allows for surface and subsurface flows to be routed downslope to account for topographic convergence and divergence on runoff contributing areas. There is also asimplified version called CRAFT."]
["Strengths","Low number of parameters\n","Weaknesses","Can be difficult to incorporate more complex routing"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Freeware. R version available","Key Case studies","Brompton"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Beven and Freer, 2001; Beven, 2012)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_75","index":79,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Stream power screening tool ",null,null,null,"ID",75]
["Processes","Stream Power thresholds provide an initial indication into the erosion rates within the channel. ",null,null,"Process IDs",2]
["Description","The Stream Power screning tool produces plots of bankfull discharge against channel slope for varying channel types as this indicates stream power thresholds, information which can be used as a crude screening tool to determine whether more detailed sediment modelling is required. Larger stream powers are indicative of highly erosive environments. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wallerstein (2006)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_76","index":80,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","River Energy Audit Scheme (REAS) ",null,null,null,"ID",76]
["Processes","Predicts sediment sources (Scour), pathways (transfers) and sinks (deposition)",null,null,"Process IDs",2]
["Description","The REAS approach uses the estimated differences in time-integrated specific stream power between constructed reaches (indicates potential continuity or imbalance in sediment transfer system) to predict sediment sources (Scour), pathways (transfers) and sinks (deposition). This is done over the course of several years. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","1. Representative bed material particle size(s);\n2. Representative flow duration curve;\n3. Representative channel cross-section;\n4. Representative bed slope; and\n5. Representative roughness values for the channel and floodplain.","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wallerstein (2006)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_77","index":81,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Sediment Impact Assessment Model (SIAM) ",null,null,null,"ID",77]
["Processes","Rapidly assesses the potential impacts to channel stability linked to localised alterations to the sediment regime",null,null,"Process IDs",2]
["Description","SIAM was designed for the rapid assessment of the impacts associated with sediment management activities. The model is capable of calculating the annual average sediment transport capacity (tons per year) by performing reach average sediment transport computations by grain size class and then intergrating the sediment transport rates with flow duration information. SIAM compares the annual average sediment transport capacity to the annual average inflowing sediment load in order to the sediment continuity of reaches within the system. These calculations allow the potential impacts to channel stability, associated to local alterations to the sediment regime to be highlighted. There are four outputs generated from SIAM; local bed material balance (difference in bed material supply and average annual transport capacity - positive balance indicates excess supply and deposition potential and negative indicates erosion potential), average annual transport capacities, bed material and wash material supplies, local sediment supply totals for each sediment reach. Note SIAM is embedded within HEC-RAS (version 3.2) and can be accessed by the 'Hydraulic Design' menu."]
["Strengths","intermediate assessment tool - in between qualitative evaluations and comprehensive mobile boundary numerical models                          -capable of rapid assessment of the effects of proposed sediment management techniques - enables focusing of resources hence providing cost savings.                                                                          -can easily input data for an individual sediment source","Weaknesses","channel geometry is not updated based on erosion or deposition                                                            -reach based model so can't determine specific locations of eosion/ deposition "]
["Data Requirements / issues","Input records for each reach containing: bed material composition, sediment properties, hydrology, hydraulics and sediment loading from local sources. ","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wallerstein (2006)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_78","index":82,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Hydraulic Engineering Centre River Analysis System: Sediment Transport (HEC-RAS ST)",null,null,null,"ID",78]
["Processes","The tool is capable of temporarily and physically modifying sediment surpluses and deficts which can then be translated into bed aggradation and degradation. ",null,null,"Process IDs",2]
["Description","A sediment transport function has been developed for HEC-RAS. Quasi-steady hydrodynamics combined with a transport equation are utilised by RAS to solve the sediment continuity equation. The tool is capable of temporarily and physically modifying sediment surpluses and deficts which can then be translated into bed aggradation and degradation. "]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wallerstein (2006)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_79","index":83,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","iSIS Sediment ",null,null,null,"ID",79]
["Processes","Sediment modelling including the simulating siltation in large irrigation channels. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 3"]
["Description","iSIS Sediment was initially designed in 1994 by Halcrow and HR Wallingford with the purpose of simulating siltation in large irrigation channels. The model was also capable of modelling graded sediments and accounting for the layering affect. By 2001 iSIS Sediment had been developed with new extensions. Amongst other things,  bed evolution can be simulated over long periods allowing the assessment of interventions e.g. gravel removal or channel modification. "]
["Strengths","*iSIS interface                                                                       *multiple sediment transport formulae used in sediment calculations; graded or single size sediment simulations, multiple layers                     *user can specify: bed composition at any corss section, gradiation of inflow sediment                     *Works for looped, branched and tidal channels *several bed updating and dredging options ","Weaknesses","*sediment file must be edited in text format           *composite section properties for the basis for sediment transport calculations"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Require an iSIS hydrodynamic model licence - no additional charge for the Sediment module ","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Wallerstein (2006)"]

{"sheet":"Tool_80","index":84,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Woodlands for water maps ",null,null,null,"ID",80]
["Processes","GIS spatial datasets and maps which identify opportunities for woodland\ncreation to reduce rural diffuse pollution and flood risk across England and Wales. ",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5 6"]
["Description","The GIS-based opportunity maps cover the whole landscape and depict the most suitable locations to plant woodland to reduce flooding and or water pollution. These maps:\nCover England and Wales;\nAre at a scale of 1Km2 ;\nInclude flooding from rivers and surface water; Include locations where runoff from soils is rapid;\nInclude diffuse pollutant loads for sediments, phosphates, nitrates, total pesticides and faecal indicator organisms (FIOs); and Include information on constraints to woodland planting (e.g. existing woodland, urban areas and deep peat)."]
["Strengths","Jointly produced EA/Defra/Forest Research\nNational coverage\nWeighing up multiple benefits","Weaknesses","Make broad-scale assumptions such as the impact of forestry on FIO"]
["Data Requirements / issues","There are some licensing issues with this data which are being resolved","Key Case studies","Woodlands for Water"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Forest Research, 2014"]

{"sheet":"Tool_81","index":85,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","LUCI (Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator)",null,null,null,"ID",81]
["Processes","Mapping of ecosystem services",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5 6"]
["Description","The Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) model allows the mapping of ecosystem services from the sub-field to national scale, the impact of management services on these services, likely trade-offs, and opportunities for spatially optimising interventions. Currently services include agricultural productivity, flood risk, erosion, nitrogen, phosphorus loss to rivers, carbon storage and emission rates, habitat diversity, and connectivity for broadleaved woodland species. All are available as colour coded maps highlighting low to high current levels of service delivery. In contrast to simple mapping approaches, LUCI is ‘process-based’ and includes our best scientific understanding. It can thus generate outputs beyond current data availability and report changes in meaningful units (e.g. kg of carbon, m3 of river flow etc).  "]
["Strengths","Process based and uses real unts as opposed to ranking etc","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Y","Ecosystem Services / goods","Y"]
["Web Address","http://neat.ecosystemsknowledge.net/LUCI-mapping-tool.html#5","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_82","index":86,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) ",null,null,null,"ID",82]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"]
["Description","The UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) was the first analysis of the UK’s natural environment in terms of the benefits it provides to society and continuing economic prosperity. Part of the Living With Environmental Change (LWEC) initiative, the UK NEA commenced in mid-2009 and reported in June 2011."]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/ ","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_83","index":87,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","The Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) ",null,null,null,"ID",83]
["Processes","Helps find out where practical action is in place to benefit important habitats and species as well as generate summaries of the data",null,null,"Process IDs"," 2 5 6"]
["Description","The Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) is a web based information system to support the conservation community. It helps find out where practical action is in place to benefit important habitats and species as well as generate summaries of the data. It also offers an efficient way for you to contribute information about your own biodiversity actions. \nBARS helps establish the level of activity in place at any given time, where this is taking place, and what it is trying to achieve. BARS can be used to map action locations and generate a range of statistical summaries. This shared intelligence helps national and local communities plan and better coordinate their conservation activities. It also helps the four countries and UK government report collectively on what is being done to halt overall biodiversity loss in line with international, UK and country commitments.\n"]
["Strengths","Collation of information","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://ukbars.defra.gov.uk/home/about ","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_84","index":88,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","ST:REAM",null,null,null,"ID",84]
["Processes","Catchment maps to derive reach based classification at a broad scale using stream power",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 5"]
["Description","ST:REAM to produce catchment maps to derive reach based classification at a broad scale (using LIDAR) for reaches that are generally erosion, deposition or ‘equilibrium’ dominated based on a stream power balance assessment."]
["Strengths","Coverage - used nationally by SEPA;\nUses readily available data","Weaknesses","limitations in modified systems / weirs etc"]
["Data Requirements / issues","LiDAR","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address","http://www.sepa.org.uk/media/163267/stream-users-guide_v1.pdf","Open Source?","N","Citations","http://www.sepa.org.uk/media/163266/stream-explanatory-note_v2.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Tool_85","index":89,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","OVERFLOW / CRIM (catchment riparian intervention measures) ",null,null,null,"ID",85]
["Processes","rainfall, runoff and routing model",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 5"]
["Description","Developed to allow rapid assessment of multiple combinations of interventions to identify optimal solutions in terms of downstream flood risk reduction. OVERFLOW is a simplified, coupled, hydrological-hydraulic model. Here, it is developed to allow exploration of riparian interventions (such as woodland planting) and instream woody debris dams to reduce flood risk. Application of advanced numerical experimentation techniques identifies which interventions and combinations thereof work well i.e. have a strong effect on slowing the flow"]
["Strengths","allows whole catchment performance to be assessed","Weaknesses","Academic model"]
["Data Requirements / issues","DTM, channel network.","Key Case studies","Defra funded Slowing the Flow at Pickering Project"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_86","index":90,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Matrix ranking of WWNP",null,null,null,"ID",86]
["Processes","Approach demonstrated in Elwy case study",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","A range of different ecosystem services associated are tabulated against different potential WWNP measurees, and scored depending on if they are improved or made worse. "]
["Strengths","Combined with opportunity mapping, this can form a powerful way of prioritising different types of measures","Weaknesses","Qualitative  "]
["Data Requirements / issues","Knowledge of the system and opportunities","Key Case studies","Elwy"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods","Numerous - see main Catchment Processes report"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_87","index":91,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","CERF-HRU",null,null,null,"ID",87]
["Processes","Rainfall -runoff mdoelling",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","CERF standas for Continuous Estimation of River Flows, and is software that is based around data based modelling techniques"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies","Clwyd"]
["Typology dependencies","Based on slope and soils","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood regulation"]
["Web Address","https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/290976/scho0308bnvz-e-e.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations","http://www.hydrosolutions.co.uk/home-4.asp\n"]

{"sheet":"Tool_88","index":92,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","ReFH",null,null,null,"ID",88]
["Processes","Flood estimation ",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","~The re-vitilised Floof Hydrograph mwthod developed the Rainfall Runoff approach from the old FSR that had been re-stated in the FEH. The rainfall-routing and sooil moisture accounting model was provided on a spreadsheet and notably modified the design hydrographs to have the characteristic tail, which reflects base-flow response. The technique incorporates estiamtes of key variables such as 'Time to peak' using empirical relationships based on catchment descriptors."]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies","Elwy"]
["Typology dependencies","FEH catchment descriptors","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.hydrosolutions.co.uk/products.asp?categoryID=4671","Open Source?","Y","Citations","http://files.hydrosolutions.co.uk/refh2/ReFH2_Technical_Report.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Tool_89","index":93,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","FEH Statistical Method",null,null,null,"ID",89]
["Processes","Flood estimation",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Statistical pooling group method for extending long term peak flow datasets"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","Implicit to statistical analysis of flows from around the country","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood regulation"]
["Web Address","http://www.e-secure.biz/documents/KLGJU9XGH9/WINFAP-FEH3-UserGuide.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

{"sheet":"Tool_90","index":94,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","POND model",null,null,null,"ID",90]
["Processes","To understand and visualise the attenuation of flood hydrographs on the incorporation of offline pond storage",null,null,"Process IDs",1]
["Description","Spreadsheet tool for adding hypothetical series of off-line storage ponds"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies","Belford Burn Catchment, Northumberland "]
["Typology dependencies","NA","Ecosystem Services / goods","Flood regulation"]
["Web Address","see https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/belford/newcastlenfmrafreport/reportpdf/June%20NFM%20RAF%20Report.pdf","Open Source?","Y","Citations","see https://research.ncl.ac.uk/proactive/belford/newcastlenfmrafreport/reportpdf/June%20NFM%20RAF%20Report.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Tool_91","index":95,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","WATEM/SEDEM ",null,null,null,"ID",91]
["Processes","WATEM SEDEM is an empirical spatially distributed model, which allows estimating the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment delivery in a river on an annual basis.",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2"]
["Description","WATEM SEDEM is an empirical spatially distributed model, which allows estimating the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment delivery in a river on an annual basis.\nThe WaTEM/SEDEM model was chosen for this study for the following reasons:\nWATEM/SEDEM  requires a reasonable amount of input data to calculate sediment transport and sediment yield.  It is suitable for small catchments as it can be run with data sets of resolution 5m or 20m.It does not require an expert modeller and is relatively user-friendly. The model can be used to identify where measures to control soil erosion could be taken and to test their effect at small scale\nThe calculations of the model are done by dividing the catchment in cells of 20*20 m, with two main part of calculation: erosion and transport. Erosion rates are calculated for each cell, and the sediment estimated are transferred to the next cell, according to a maximum transport is limited by transport values."]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies","Wensum"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?","Y","Citations","Van Oost, et al. 2000; \nVan Rompaey, et al. 2001"]

{"sheet":"Tool_92","index":96,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","JHAB",null,null,null,"ID",92]
["Processes","Modelling system for habitat availability at a scale relevant to the ecology through the innovative use of one dimensional (1D) cross-section sub-division tools, two dimensional (2D) flow models and LiDARdata.",null,null,"Process IDs"," 3 4 5 6"]
["Description","One dimensional and to a lesser extent two dimensional flood models are a ubiquitous EA product and using these models to simulate lower flows is a cost-efficient way to undertake habitat availability studies.The interaction of water flow with river morphology is key to the development of the physical habitat. This is not a static relationship as the impact of the morphology of the river on the physical habitat available depends on flow. Using existing one and two-dimensional hydraulic models combined with a habitat model, physical habitat maps are produced for a range of discharges. Such maps show the extent, distribution and robustness of optimal habitat across the flow regime.\nA fuzzy logic habitat model has been developed which uses the grids of depth and velocities combined with ecological knowledge to produce maps of habitat availability and suitability.\nThe model does not treat depth and velocity independently (unlike PHABSIM) and the use of fuzzy membership functions rather than habitat suitability curves negates the need for the laborious data collection needed to create habitat suitability curves.\nUsing this tool, habitat maps can be produced for a range of flows for any species/life stage of interest. 'Crisp' habitat availability and quality numbers are also produced."]
["Strengths","Converts/re-uses 1d modell results into 2d grids to generate estimated 2d velocity fields that can be linked to habitat \n\nThe model does not treat depth and velocity independently (unlike PHABSIM) and the use of fuzzy membership functions rather than habitat suitability curves negates the need for the laborious data collection needed to create habitat suitability curves.\nProduces empirically-derived habitat availability maps for any number of discharges\nLarge stretches of river are mapped (assuming confidence in model geometry)\nIf alterations are proposed to river morphology, modelling helps inform on any potential impacts on habitats (e.g.dredging, river restoration and flood defence studies)\nModelling is useful in water resource studies to help quantify the changes in habitat availability and quality under different flow regimes","Weaknesses","Does not assess the impacts of for example sediment intrusion directly\npseudo 2D"]
["Data Requirements / issues","JBA software; existing 1 or 2d model","Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies","grids of depth and velocities combined with ecological knowledge are used to produce maps of habitat availability and suitability.","Ecosystem Services / goods","Habitat for a variety of species"]
["Web Address","www.jbaconsulting.com","Open Source?","Y","Citations"]

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["Tool ","BEST tool",null,null,null,"ID",93]
["Processes","Assessment of multiple benefits of  SUDS in ecosystem service framework",null,null,"Process IDs"," 1 2 5 6"]
["Description","Drainage systems consistently provide core fundamental benefits ranging from public health to minimising the chance of flooding. However some drainage systems can provide far wider and larger benefits. Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are such systems, providing the benefits expected from a conventional, piped approach as well as many others. This is possible because SuDS enhances the urban area and contributes to economic and environmental benefits.\nStakeholders are increasingly collaborating to design and build drainage systems within urban improvements. Questions are often asked about the benefits different SuDS solutions may bring, their size and their value. Understanding these benefits can support conversations between different stakeholders and support funding applications.\nCIRIA has developed a user tool and guidance, W045 BeST (Benefits of SuDS Tool) to support practitioners estimate the impacts that drainage schemes can create. Evaluating the type and size of these benefits can otherwise be difficult, often requiring specialist economic inputs."]
["Strengths","BeST provides a structured approach to evaluating a wide range of benefits (in the table right), often based upon the drainage system performance overall.\nAutomatic graphing \nLots of opportunities for quality control e.g. boxes to put in evidence/reasoning/comments","Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues","Local knowledge of system","Key Case studies","Stroud"]
["Typology dependencies","Through consdiration of ","Ecosystem Services / goods","ecosystem services are broken down into provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services, plus triple bottom line (financial, environmental and social)."]
["Web Address","https://www.ciria.org/News/CIRIA_news2/New-tool-assesses-the-benefits-of-SuDS.aspx","Open Source?","Y","Citations","New tool"]

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["Tool ",null,null,null,null,"ID"]
["Processes",null,null,null,"Process IDs"]
["Description"]
["Strengths",null,"Weaknesses"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?",null,"Citations"]

{"sheet":"Form to input new Data","index":99,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[5,3,5,6],[6,5,6,6],[0,1,0,4],[1,1,1,3],[1,5,1,6],[2,1,2,6],[3,3,3,6],[4,3,4,6]]}
["Tool ","Geomorphic Change Detection tool ",null,null,null,"ID","automatic","This form may not be necessary but might make it easier"]
["Processes","Geomorphological change detection",null,null,"Process IDs",null,null,"provide 6 boxes here"]
["Description","A free toolkit provided by Wheaton’s lab that includes automated change detection and data analysis or rivers based on a range of different LiDAR and survey techniques. The Geomorphic Change Detection tools are designed to work with LiDAR and Green LiDAR (see reference in these to bathymetric LiDAR), and to automate the production of change metrics based on a range of uncertainty and error analysis delivered via standard ARCGIS platforms as used by the Agency. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Button that adds this data to database"]
["Strengths","National coverage","Weaknesses","Variable quality"]
["Data Requirements / issues",null,"Key Case studies"]
["Typology dependencies",null,"Ecosystem Services / goods"]
["Web Address",null,"Open Source?",null,"Citations"]