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Research and analysis

Understanding motivations for entrepreneurship - transparency table

Updated 3 March 2015
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Figure 1: Current status of entrepreneurs' businesses at the time of the Entrepreneurial Motivation Survey
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Business status	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents	1000	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	21%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sold	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dormant	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active	59%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 2: Current status of entrepreneurs' businesses for respondents who took action to set up business from 2000-2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Year	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Business status	Total	00-05	06-Jul	08-Sep	10-Nov	Dec-13	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents who took action to set up their business between 2000-2013	862	112	176	220	228	126	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	18%	11%	5%	22%	18%	40%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed / Sold	14%	17%	20%	15%	10%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dormant	6%	5%	6%	5%	7%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active	62%	67%	69%	58%	66%	48%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 3: Proportion of businesses opened between 2000-2013 that are still active / nascent	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Year opened	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Business status	2000 - 2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents who opened a business between 2000 - 2013	84	72	81	108	83	94	97	62	51	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active or Nascent	77%	69%	73%	72%	72%	71%	79%	85%	84%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 4: Number of staff employed when business opened	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Whether staff employed when first opened	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents who opened a business	791	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Yes	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No	84%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Number of staff employed when first opened	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents who employed staff when business first opened	128	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1 employee	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2 employees	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
3 employees	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
4 employees	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
5 - 9 employees	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
10 + employees	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 5: Number of staff employed when business opened and currently / when about to close (among Active and Closed businesses respectively)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active Businesses	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Time	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Whether staff employed	When first opened	Currently	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	593	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Yes	17%	30%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No	83%	70%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Time	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Number of staff employed	When first opened	Currently	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	593	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
0 employees	83%	70%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1 employee	5%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2 employees	3%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
3 employees	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
4 employees	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
5 - 9 employees	2%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
10 + employees	1%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed Businesses	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Time	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Whether staff employed	When first opened	When about to close	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	121	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Yes	14%	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No	86%	87%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Time	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Number of staff employed	When first opened	Currently	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	121	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
0 employees	86%	87%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1 employee	6%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2 employees	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
3 employees	0%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
4 employees	1%	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
5 - 9 employees	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
10 + employees	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 6: Sector of business (all respondents)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	TOTAL	Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sector	%	Sector	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents	1000	Not set	1000	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Primary, Manufacturing and Construction	19%	A, B Primary	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	C Manufacturing	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	D, E Utilities	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	F Construction	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wholesale and Retail, Transport and storage, Accommodation and Food service, Communication	27%	G Wholesale and Retail	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	H Transportation and Storage	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	I Accommodation and Food Service	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	J Information and Communication	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Financial and Business Services	30%	K Financial and Insurance	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	L Real Estate	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	M Professional, Scientific,Technical	18%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	N Administrative and Support Services	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other Services	24%	P Education	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Q Human Health and Social Work	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	R Arts, Entertainment, Recreation	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	S Other	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Don't know / Refused	1%	Don't know / Refused	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 7: Sector of business for respondents who opened their business	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	TOTAL	Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sector	%	Sector	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base: All respondents who opened their business	791	Not set	791	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Primary, Manufacturing and Construction	19%	A, B Primary	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	C Manufacturing	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	D, E Utilities	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	F Construction	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wholesale and Retail, Transport and storage, Accommodation and Food service, Communication	26%	G Wholesale and Retail	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	H Transportation and Storage	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	I Accommodation and Food Service	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	J Information and Communication	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Financial and Business Services	31%	K Financial and Insurance	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	L Real Estate	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	M Professional, Scientific,Technical	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	N Administrative and Support Services	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other Services	23%	P Education	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Q Human Health and Social Work	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	R Arts, Entertainment, Recreation	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	S Other	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Don't know / Refused	1%	Don't know / Refused	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 8: Opportunity and necessity start-up motivation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Valid	opportunity entrepreneur	594	Opportunity	59%	59.4	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	necessity entrepreneur	240	Necessity	24%	83.4	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	mixed motives	117	Mixed	12%	95.1	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	other	49	Other	5%	100	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Total	1000	100	100	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 9: Prevalence of reasons to start a business	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	%	Count	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	42%	424	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Control of own life / independence / freedom	29%	291	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Be own boss / not work for s.o. else	25%	251	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Personal interest in area / job satisfaction	19%	191	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	19%	189	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had good idea / opportunity arose	16%	162	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had the skills / experience to do the work	15%	150	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job	10%	103	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to help others	10%	101	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Change of direction / new challenge	10%	96	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Flexibility for family commitments	9%	86	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	7%	65	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Ability to choose where to work from	6%	57	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Was made redundant	4%	40	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To use up spare time	4%	36	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Professional development / improving skills	4%	36	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
A way to invest money I had / Had money for it	3%	30	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To do something / be active in retirement	3%	28	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Field of work - mostly self-employed	2%	24	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Health issues made having a regular job difficult	2%	20	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouraged by others	1%	14	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Did not need much / any money to start	1%	13	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nonsense / Refused	1%	11	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	2418	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 10: Growth expectation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Growth expectation (N=950)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
job loss	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no growth	50%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1-5 jobs	28%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
6-19 jobs	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
20+ jobs	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 11: Perceived barriers to running a business	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding customers/stability of demand	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Irregular income/cashflow	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Raising finance	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
My skills to manage financial side	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
My skills to run/manage a business	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No concerns	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Complying/keeping up with regulations	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Uncertain whether business idea would work	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding (good) staff	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Impact on family/other commitments (time)	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Concerned about economic downturn/recession	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Competition in the market	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Lack of skills/experience in business area	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Keeping up with general admin/paperwork	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding a premises	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Poor health/health concerns	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding business partner(s)	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Don’t know	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 12: Key circumstances and tipping points that led entrepreneur to take action (all entrepreneurs, N =1,000)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	All entrepreneurs, N=1000	Opportunity entrepreneurs, N=594	Necessity entrepreneurs, N=240	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	14%	15%	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had skills / qualifications to do the job	13%	13%	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Redundancy	12%	7%	25%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	11%	10%	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to be own boss	10%	11%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Felt had a good idea	8%	11%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Already had prospective client(s)	8%	9%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouragement from others (e.g. friends/family)	7%	7%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job / Lack of jobs	7%	2%	18%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had managed to save / secure finance to start	7%	7%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Saw a gap in the market	6%	8%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Approach from/Availability of business partner(s)	5%	6%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had thought about it for a while (time to act)	5%	5%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could only get type of work being self employed	4%	4%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To occupy self /earn some money when retired	4%	4%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	4%	4%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Time was right for me personally	3%	3%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Support/advice from a public sector/charity	3%	3%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed flexibility for children/childcare	2%	2%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No reason / DK	2%	2%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Recession / Economic Downturn	2%	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Gap in the market (competitor closed/retired)	2%	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed flexibility for family commitments/caring	2%	2%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Health issues made having a regular job difficult	2%	1%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Found premises	2%	3%	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Market was ready/good for starting business	2%	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Took over family business	0%	1%	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 13: Change in opportunity and necessity motivation (active businesses only N=588)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Start-up motivation	Current motivation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Opportunity	62%	66%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Necessity	21%	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Mixed	11%	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	6%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 14: Change and stability in the ratings of the importance of reasons to start and run a business (active businesses only, N=591)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Autonomy & Better work	Challenge & Opportunity	Financial	Family & Legacy	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation at start-up	3.8	3.3	3	1.9	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Current motivation for running business	3.9	3.3	3.1	1.8	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 15: Change and Stability in Growth expectations (active businesses only, N=522)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Growth expectation in first interview (GEM)	Current growth expectation (at follow-up)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
job loss	4%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no growth	55%	61%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1-5 jobs	27%	26%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
6-19 jobs	10%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
20+ jobs	4%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
TOTAL	41%	36%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 16: Individual change and stability in growth expectations	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
developed/strengthened growth expectations	Not set	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
lost/lowered growth expectations	Not set	23%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no change in growth expectations	(job loss)	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no change in growth expectations	(no growth)	43%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no change in growth expectations	(1-5 jobs)	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no change in growth expectations	(6-19 jobs)	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no change in growth expectations	(20+ jobs)	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 17: The recession and opportunity-necessity motivation (active businesses only)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Pre-recession (n=257)	Not set	Recession (n=266)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivation at start-up	Current motivation	Motivation at start-up	Current motivation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Opportunity	61%	61%	63%	71%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Necessity	21%	21%	21%	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Mixed	12%	11%	9%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	5%	6%	7%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 18: The recession and prevalence of motivations	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	pre-recession (N=390)	recession (N=458)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	38%	45%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Control of own life / independence / freedom	31%	29%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Become own boss	24%	28%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	18%	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Personal interest in area / job satisfaction	17%	21%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had good idea / opportunity arose	16%	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had the skills / experience to do the work	13%	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Change of direction / new challenge	10%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Flexibility for family commitments	10%	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to help others	8%	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job	8%	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Ability to choose where to work from	7%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	7%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Professional development / improving skills	4%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Was made redundant	4%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Investment of personal funds	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To do something / be active in retirement	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Regular job difficult due to health	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Field of work - mostly self-employed	2%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To use up spare time	2%	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouraged by others	2%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Little funding needed for start-up	1%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 19: The recession and importance of motivation facets: At start-up	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Autonomy & Better work	Challenge & Opportunity	Financial	Family & Legacy	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
pre-recession (N=257)	3.7	3.3	3	1.8	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
recession (N=264)	3.8	3.5	3.2	1.9	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 20: The recession and importance of motivation facets: Current motivation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Autonomy & Better work	Challenge & Opportunity	Financial	Family & Legacy	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
pre-recession (N=257)	3.9	3.3	3	1.7	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
recession (N=264)	4	3.3	3.2	1.9	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 21: The recession and growth expectations	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Pre-recession (n=236)	Not set	Recession (n=227)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Growth expectation in first interview (GEM)	Current growth expectation (at follow-up)	Growth expectation in first interview (GEM)	Current growth expectation (at follow-up)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
job loss	5%	3%	1%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no growth	60%	68%	47%	52%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1-5 jobs	25%	22%	33%	34%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
6-19 jobs	7%	6%	14%	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
20+ jobs	3%	2%	5%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 22: The recession and perceived barriers to running a business	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
What concerns, if any, did you have about running a business?	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
prior to recession	Not set	N=390	Not set	recession	N=458	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Count	Not set	Not set	Count	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Finding customers / stability of demand	35%	Not set	Finding customers / stability of demand	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Irregular income / cashflow	21%	Not set	Irregular income / cashflow	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Skills to run financial side	17%	Not set	Whether I have skills to manage the financial side of running a business	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Skills to run a business	13%	Not set	Whether I have the skills to run / manage a business	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Complying/keeping up with regulation	12%	Not set	Complying / keeping up with regulations	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Raising finance	12%	Not set	Raising finance	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	No concerns	11%	Not set	No concerns	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Other	7%	Not set	Other	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Chance of success for business idea	6%	Not set	Uncertain whether business idea would work in the market	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Finding (good) staff	5%	Not set	Finding (good) staff	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Impact of economic downturn/recession	4%	Not set	Concerned about economic downturn / recession	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Impact on time for family etc.	3%	Not set	Impact on family / other commitments (due to effort / time needed to start a business)	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Competition in the market	2%	Not set	Competition in the market	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Keeping up with general admin/paperwork	2%	Not set	Keeping up with general admin/paperwork	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Finding a premises	2%	Not set	Finding a premises	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Lack of skills / experience in business area	2%	Not set	Lack of skills / experience in business area	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Poor health/Health concerns	2%	Not set	Poor health/Health concerns	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Finding business partner(s)	1%	Not set	Finding business partner(s)	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 23: The recession and tipping points for taking action	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	pre-recession (N=390)	recession (N=458)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	17%	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had skills / qualifications to do the job	15%	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Redundancy	14%	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Become own boss	11%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	11%	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Already had prospective client(s)	10%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Felt had a good idea	8%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouragement from friends/family etc.	6%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sufficient savings / finance in place	6%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No jobs available for type of work	6%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job / Lack of jobs	5%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Business partner(s) available	5%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had thought about it for a while (time to act)	4%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Saw a gap in the market	4%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Flexibility sought to work around children	4%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To occupy self /earn some money when retired	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	3%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Time was right for me personally	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Gap in the market (through closure/retirement)	3%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Support/Advice from public sector or charity	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Flexibility for family commitments / caring	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Found premises	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
The market was ready/good for starting up	2%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Recession / Economic Downturn	1%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Health issues made having a regular job difficult	1%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Took over family business	0%	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 25: “Entrepreneurial Journey” of the 240 necessity-driven entrepreneurs in the Entrepreneurial Motivation Survey (N=126 of these led active businesses at the time of the interview)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation: Necessity (N=240)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Job Growth	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Innovation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Exports	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	55	22.9	Not set	Growth	24	19.2	Not set	High	8	6.4	Not set	>25% of total sales	14	11.2	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active	126	52.5	Not set	No change	97	77.6	Not set	Some	52	41.9	Not set	1-25% of total sales	26	20.8	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sold	4	1.7	Not set	Decline	4	3.2	Not set	None	64	51.6	Not set	No exports	85	68	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dormant	18	7.5	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed	37	15.4	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 26: “Entrepreneurial Journey” of the 594 opportunity-driven entrepreneurs in the Entrepreneurial Motivation Survey (N=366 of these led active businesses at the time of the interview)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation: Opportunity (N=594)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	121	20.3	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Job Growth	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Innovation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Performance: Exports	Not set	Not set
Active	366	61.6	Not set	366 Active, opportunity driven, businesses:	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	N	%	Not set	Not set	N	%
Sold	13	2.2	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Growth	104	28.5	Not set	High	32	9	Not set	>25% of total sales	65	17.9
Dormant	30	5.1	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	No change	244	66.8	Not set	Some	170	47.8	Not set	1-25% of total sales	112	30.8
Closed	64	10.8	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Decline	17	4.7	Not set	None	154	43.3	Not set	No exports	187	51.4
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 27: Entrepreneurial Groups and Opportunity and Necessity Motivation	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivation at start-up	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Active (N=593)	Closed (N=121)	Nascent (N=209)	Sold (N=18)	Dormant (N=59)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Opportunity	62%	53%	58%	72%	51%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Necessity	21%	31%	26%	22%	31%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Mixed	11%	11%	14%	6%	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	6%	6%	2%	0%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 28: Reasons to start a business by business status – by entrepreneurial status (multiple answers)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	active	Not set	closed	Not set	nascent	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N=593	Not set	N=121	Not set	N=209	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	40%	Not set	49%	Not set	42%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Control of own life / independence / freedom	32%	Not set	22%	Not set	27%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to be own boss / not work for someone else	26%	Not set	22%	Not set	24%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Personal interest in area / job satisfaction	19%	Not set	10%	Not set	26%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	18%	Not set	22%	Not set	21%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had good idea / opportunity arose	13%	Not set	16%	Not set	22%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had the skills / experience to do the work	13%	Not set	17%	Not set	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Change of direction / new challenge	10%	Not set	7%	Not set	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job	10%	Not set	15%	Not set	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Flexibility for family commitments	9%	Not set	9%	Not set	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to help others	8%	Not set	8%	Not set	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	7%	Not set	7%	Not set	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Ability to choose where to work from	6%	Not set	8%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Was made redundant	4%	Not set	5%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To do something / be active in retirement	4%	Not set	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To use up spare time	3%	Not set	2%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Professional development / improving skills	3%	Not set	5%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
A way to invest money I had / Had finance to do it	3%	Not set	4%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Field of work - mostly self-employed	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Health issues made having a regular job difficult	2%	Not set	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouraged by others	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Did not need much / any money to start the business	1%	Not set	2%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 29: The importance attributed to motivation types by entrepreneurial group	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Autonomy & Better work	Challenge & Opportunity	Financial	Family & Legacy	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active	3.8	3.3	3	1.9	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed	3.6	3.2	3	1.5	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	3.8	3.6	3.3	2.1	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sold	3.9	3.7	3.4	1.9	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dormant	3.6	3.3	3.2	1.8	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 30: Growth expectations by entrepreneurial group	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Growth ambition in first interview (GEM)	Not set	Not set	Current growth ambition (at follow-up)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Active (N=576)	Closed (N=117)	Nascent (N=183)	Sold (N=18)	Dormant (N=56)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
job loss	4%	3%	3%	11%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
no growth	53%	63%	32%	22%	57%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1-5 jobs	28%	20%	36%	39%	18%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
6-19 jobs	11%	9%	16%	17%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
20+ jobs	4%	6%	13%	11%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 31: Concerns about running a business – by entrepreneurial status (multiple answers)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	active	Not set	closed	Not set	nascent	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N=593	Not set	N=121	Not set	N=209	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding customers / stability of demand	33%	Not set	27%	Not set	28%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Irregular income / cashflow	19%	Not set	17%	Not set	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Skills to run financial side	16%	Not set	18%	Not set	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Raising finance	12%	Not set	10%	Not set	29%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Skills to run a business	12%	Not set	12%	Not set	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No concerns	12%	Not set	15%	Not set	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Complying/keeping up with regulation	10%	Not set	12%	Not set	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Chance of success for business idea	7%	Not set	5%	Not set	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	6%	Not set	5%	Not set	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding (good) staff	4%	Not set	5%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Impact of economic downturn/recession	4%	Not set	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Impact on time for family etc.	4%	Not set	3%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Competition in the market	3%	Not set	4%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Lack of skills / experience in business area	3%	Not set	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Keeping up with general admin/paperwork	2%	Not set	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Poor health/Health concerns	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding a premises	1%	Not set	1%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Finding business partner(s)	0%	Not set	1%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 32: Key circumstances and tipping points that led entrepreneur to take action – by entrepreneurial status (multiple answers)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	active	Not set	closed	Not set	nascent	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N=593	Not set	N=121	Not set	N=209	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unhappy / dissatisfied with work / activity	16%	Not set	11%	Not set	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Redundancy	13%	Not set	13%	Not set	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had skills/qualifications to do the job	11%	Not set	14%	Not set	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wanted to be own boss	10%	Not set	7%	Not set	11%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed/wanted (extra) income	10%	Not set	13%	Not set	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Encouragement from others (e.g. friends/family)	8%	Not set	4%	Not set	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Already had prospective client(s)	8%	Not set	13%	Not set	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could not find a job / Lack of jobs	7%	Not set	2%	Not set	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had managed to save / secure finance to start	7%	Not set	7%	Not set	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Felt had a good idea	6%	Not set	11%	Not set	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Had thought about it for a while (time to act)	5%	Not set	4%	Not set	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	5%	Not set	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Saw a gap in the market	5%	Not set	5%	Not set	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Approach from/Availability of business partner(s)	4%	Not set	6%	Not set	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
To occupy self /earn some money when retired	4%	Not set	5%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Could only get type of work being self employed	4%	Not set	10%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Time was right for me personally	4%	Not set	3%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Found premises	3%	Not set	1%	Not set	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No reason / DK	3%	Not set	1%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Gap in the market (competitor closed/retired)	3%	Not set	1%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Recession / Economic Downturn	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed flexibility for children/childcare	2%	Not set	6%	Not set	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Needed flexibility for family commitments/caring	2%	Not set	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Support/advice from a public sector/charity	2%	Not set	1%	Not set	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Health issues made having a regular job difficult	1%	Not set	2%	Not set	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Market was ready/good for starting business	1%	Not set	3%	Not set	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Took over family business	1%	Not set	0%	Not set	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 33: Development intentions, compared by business status	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Closed (N=121)	Active (N=593)	Nascent (N=209)	Sold (N=18)	Dormant (N=59)	Total	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Only planned to run for a short time (N=188)	40%	12%	19%	28%	36%	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Hoped to run for the long term (N=760)	50%	83%	78%	67%	58%	76%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No firm plans (N=46)	9%	4%	3%	6%	7%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Don't know (N=6)[not visible]	1%	1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 34: Reasons for business closure (Multiple answers, N=121)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Lack of money / business / cashflow issues	35%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Got a job elsewhere	22%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Lack of work / customers due to recession	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Too much red tape / legislation changes	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No longer enjoyed the work	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Personal problems (incl. family and health)	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 35: Age of the business at closure (since first becoming active)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Firm age when closed (N=111)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
0-3 years	56%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
4-6 years	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
7-9 years	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
>10 years	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 36: Employment situation following business closure	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
What are you doing now? Are you currently self-employed, employed, in training or education, retired or not working?	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	N	All (ex-) entrepreneurs (N=121)	N	Opportunity (ex-) entrepreneurs (N=64)	N	Necessity (ex-) entrepreneurs (N=37)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Working full-time (30h+/week)	121	39%	64	44%	37	32%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Retired	121	28%	64	22%	37	30%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Owner (new business) / self-employed	121	13%	64	16%	37	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Working part-time (<30h/w)	121	9%	64	13%	37	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not working / not seeking employment	121	6%	64	6%	37	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not working but seeking employment	121	4%	64	2%	37	8%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
In part time education or training (<16h/w)	121	3%	64	5%	37	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Voluntary employment, unpaid role or internship	121	2%	64	3%	37	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
In full time training or education (16h+/w)	121	2%	64	2%	37	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 37: Job growth since start-up among active businesses	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Change in employees since start-up (N=590)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Change in full-time (equivalent) employees since start-up (N=573)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Job Growth	24%	Not set	Not set	Job Growth	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No Change	72%	Not set	Not set	No Change	77%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Job Loss	4%	Not set	Not set	Job Loss	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 38: Share of innovative businesses (among active businesses N=578)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Innovation by active businesses (N=578)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Percent	Frequency	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No Innovation	46%	264	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Modest	28%	161	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Some	18%	103	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Considerable	6%	34	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Highly innovative	3%	16	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 39: Share of exporting businesses (among active businesses N=593)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Share of exporting businesses	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
None	53%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
1% - 10% abroad	32%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
11% - 25% abroad	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
26% - 50% abroad	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
51% - 75% abroad	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
76% - 90% abroad	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
91% - 100% abroad	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 40: UK Country businesses are based in (in Motivations survey dataset at an overall level and by GEM year, and in eligible Motivations Survey population at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivations for Entrepreneurship Survey	Not set	GEM Year	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Country	Overall	GEM 2008-2013 eligible for Motivations survey (overall)	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	1000	3929	204	208	95	170	194	129	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
England	55%	59%	74%	75%	46%	30%	46%	43%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wales	21%	19%	11%	13%	31%	26%	25%	28%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Scotland	13%	11%	6%	7%	16%	17%	19%	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Northern Ireland	12%	11%	9%	5%	7%	27%	10%	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 41: UK Country businesses are based in (in eligible Motivations survey population at an overall level and by GEM year and in Motivations survey dataset at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivations for Entrepreneurship Survey	Not set	GEM 2008-2013 respondents eligible for Motivations survey (by GEM year)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Country	Overall	GEM 2008-2013 eligible for Motivations survey (overall)	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	1000	3929	1091	979	405	505	563	386	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
England	55%	59%	78%	75%	40%	30%	44%	41%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wales	21%	19%	10%	13%	32%	31%	26%	25%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Scotland	13%	11%	5%	5%	15%	16%	18%	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Northern Ireland	12%	11%	6%	7%	13%	23%	12%	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 42: Gender of respondents (in Motivations survey dataset at an overall level and by GEM year, and in eligible Motivations survey population at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivations for Entrepreneurship Survey	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	GEM Year	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Gender	Overall	GEM 2008-2013 eligible for Motivations survey (overall)	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	1000	3,929	204	208	95	170	194	129	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Male	62%	61%	62%	60%	65%	62%	62%	62%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Female	38%	39%	38%	40%	35%	38%	38%	38%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 43: Gender of respondents (in eligible Motivations survey population at an overall level and by GEM year, and in Motivations survey dataset at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivations for Entrepreneurship Survey	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	GEM 2008-2013 respondents eligible for Motivations survey (by GEM year)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Gender	Overall	GEM 2008-2013 eligible for Motivations survey (overall)	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	1000	3929	1091	979	405	505	563	386	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Male	62%	61%	57%	62%	66%	64%	65%	59%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Female	38%	39%	43%	38%	34%	36%	35%	41%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 44: Education status of respondents (in Motivations survey dataset and in eligible Motivations survey population at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Education Status	Motivations for Entrepreurship: Overall	GEM 2008-2013 respondents eligible for Motivations survey: Overall	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	993	3870	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Doctorate	3%	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Masters Degree	18%	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Batchelors degree	32%	29%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
A Levels or equivalent	19%	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
GCSE or equivalent	13%	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Vocational qualification	8%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other qualification	3%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No formal qualifications	4%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Figure 45: Head of household income of respondents (in Motivations survey dataset and in eligible Motivations survey population at an overall level)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Note: Includes figures derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), not owned by BIS	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Head of household income	Motivations for Entrepreurship: Overall	GEM 2008-2013 respondents eligible for Motivations survey: Overall	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	926	3693	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
up to £11,499	7%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
£11,500 to £17,499	8%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
£17,500 to £29,999	19%	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
£30,000 to £49,999	26%	22%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
£50,000 to £99,999	24%	18%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
£100,000 or more	8%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dont know	3%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Refused	4%	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 1: Importance of reasons to start a business (N=1000)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation Facets	Importance of reasons for starting up a business	Percent rated “important” by entrepreneurs	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Autonomy & better work	To have considerable freedom to adapt my own approach to work	73%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
(mean importance 3.8)	To have greater flexibility for my personal and family life	63%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To have better work opportunities	55%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Challenge & Opportunity	To make use of an existing skill	72%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
(mean importance 3.4)	To challenge myself	71%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To fulfil a personal vision	64%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To achieve something and get recognition for it (e.g. respect from friends or peers)	50%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To make a positive difference to my community, others or the environment	40%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To achieve a higher position for myself in society	16%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Financial	To give myself, my partner and children financial security	50%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
(mean importance 3.1)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To earn a larger personal income	46%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To have a chance to build great wealth or a very high income	25%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Family & Legacy	To build a business my children can inherit	18%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
(mean importance 1.9)	To follow the example of a person that I admire	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To continue a family tradition	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 3: Individual change in opportunity and necessity motivation (active businesses only, N=588)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Motivation for starting business	Current motivation for running business	N	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Opportunity	62%	66%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Opportunity	Opportunity.	307	52%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Opportunity	Necessity	26	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Opportunity	Mixed	22	4%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Opportunity	Other	8	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Necessity	22%	19%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Necessity	Opportunity	35	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Necessity	Necessity	71	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Necessity	Mixed	18	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Necessity	Other	2	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Mixed	11%	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Mixed	Opportunity	36	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Mixed	Necessity	10	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Mixed	Mixed	17	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Mixed	Other	2	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Other	6%	6%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Other	Opportunity	10	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Other	Necessity	4	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Other	Mixed	1	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Other	Other	19	3%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total	Not set	Not set	588	100%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No change	Not set	Not set	414	70%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Change	Not set	Not set	174	30%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 4: Change and stability in importance of reasons for entrepreneurship at start-up and currently (active businesses only, N=591)	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation Facets	Importance of …	% entrepreneurs rated “important	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Start-up	Currently	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Autonomy & better work	To have considerable freedom to adapt my own approach to work	75%	80%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To have greater flexibility for my personal and family life	66%	71%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To have better work opportunities	55%	55%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Challenge & opportunity	To make use of an existing skill	72%	73%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To challenge myself	69%	68%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To fulfil a personal vision	62%	63%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To achieve something and get recognition for it (e.g. respect from friends or peers)	48%	40%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To make a positive difference to my community, others or the environment	38%	40%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To achieve a higher position for myself in society	13%	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Financial	To give myself, my partner and children financial security	48%	53%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To earn a larger personal income	42%	44%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To have a chance to build great wealth or a very high income	23%	25%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Family & Legacy	To build a business my children can inherit	18%	20%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To follow the example of a person that I admire	13%	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	To continue a family tradition	10%	9%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 7: Breakdown of motivation types by entrepreneurial group	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Entrepreneurial status	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Motivation Facets	Importance of …	active	nascent	closed	sold	dormant	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	N=593	N=209	N=121	N=18	N=59	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Autonomy & better work	·         To have considerable freedom to adapt my own approach to work	75%	72%	68%	78%	71%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To have greater flexibility for my personal and family life	66%	62%	61%	44%	54%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To have better work opportunities	55%	56%	48%	72%	64%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Challenge	·         To make use of an existing skill	72%	74%	69%	78%	76%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To challenge myself	69%	75%	67%	83%	69%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To fulfil a personal vision	62%	74%	55%	67%	58%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To achieve something and get recognition for it (e.g. respect from friends or peers)	48%	56%	40%	72%	58%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To make a positive difference to my community, others or the environment	38%	48%	36%	44%	41%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To achieve a higher position for myself in society	13%	23%	16%	17%	17%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Financial	·         To give myself, my partner and children financial security	48%	56%	47%	67%	51%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To earn a larger personal income	42%	54%	49%	50%	53%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To have a chance to build great wealth or a very high income	23%	30%	24%	39%	22%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Family & Legacy	·         To build a business my children can inherit	18%	25%	8%	11%	15%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To follow the example of a person that I admire	13%	18%	6%	22%	12%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	·         To continue a family tradition	10%	10%	6%	6%	5%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 9: Sample available for this stage of the research split by year participated in GEM	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Year participated in GEM	Quantity	Percent of total sample	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2008	1091	28%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2009	979	25%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2010	405	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2011	505	13%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2012	563	14%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
2013	386	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total	3929	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 10: Achieved sample by country	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Country	No.	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
England	548	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Wales	207	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Scotland	126	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
NI	119	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total	1000	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 11: Achieved sample by GEM year and business status	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Total	Not set	GEM 2008	GEM 2009	GEM 2010	GEM 2011	GEM 2012	GEM 2013	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Business status	Not set	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Base	n=	1000	204	208	95	170	194	129	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Nascent	209	21%	16%	17%	20%	28%	24%	22%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Active	593	59%	52%	60%	65%	54%	62%	69%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Dormant	59	6%	7%	6%	5%	5%	5%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Closed	121	12%	22%	15%	8%	12%	7%	2%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Sold	18	2%	3%	2%	1%	1%	2%	0%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total	1000	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 12: Overall response rate for entrepreneurial motivation survey	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Outcome	n=	Percent of total sample	Percent of usable sample	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unobtainable (tel. no. not valid)	895	23%	N/A	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Screened out (not known at address)	394	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total unusable	1289	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Appointment to call back	25	1%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
‘Soft' call back (general call back at a later date requested)	190	5%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No direct contact made with respondent	724	18%	27%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Refused	701	18%	27%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Completed	1000	25%	38%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total usable	2640	67%	100%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total sample	3929	100%	n/a	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Table 13: Response rate split by GEM year sampled	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	2008	Not set	2009	Not set	2010	Not set	2011	Not set	2012	Not set	2013	Not set	TOTAL	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Outcome	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	% total sample	% usable sample	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Unobtainable	29%	N/A	28%	N/A	24%	N/A	14%	N/A	16%	N/A	12%	N/A	23%	N/A	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Screened out	14%	Not set	10%	Not set	13%	Not set	7%	Not set	6%	Not set	4%	Not set	10%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total unusable	43%	Not set	38%	Not set	37%	Not set	21%	Not set	22%	Not set	16%	Not set	33%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Appointment to call back	0%	1%	1%	2%	0%	1%	0%	0%	1%	1%	1%	1%	1%	1%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
‘Soft' call back	4%	7%	4%	6%	5%	8%	7%	9%	4%	5%	8%	9%	5%	7%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
No direct contact	16%	28%	17%	28%	19%	29%	18%	23%	21%	27%	25%	29%	18%	27%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Refused	18%	31%	18%	29%	16%	25%	20%	25%	18%	23%	18%	21%	18%	27%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Completed	19%	33%	21%	34%	23%	37%	34%	43%	34%	44%	33%	40%	25%	38%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total usable	57%	100%	62%	100%	63%	100%	79%	100%	78%	100%	84%	100%	67%	100%	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set
Total sample	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	100%	n/a	Not set	Not set	Not set	Not set