Fulfilling Potential – Making it Happen: Technical Annex	
Fulfilling Potential – Disability Outcome and Indicator Framework	
 July 2013	

Contents Page

Introduction
Education
Employment
Income
Health and Wellbeing
Choice and Control
Inclusive Communities
Inclusive Communities - Housing
Inclusive Communities - Transport
Inclusive Communities - Social Participation
Inclusive Communities - Friends and Family
Inclusive Communities - Information and Access
Inclusive Communities - Attitudes
Annex A: Headline Indicator Summary
Annex B: Supporting indicators – definitions and data sources
References

Introduction

1.	The Government disability strategy, outlined the Fulfilling Potential series of documents, aims to enable disabled people to fulfil their potential and have opportunities to realise their aspirations and play a full role in society. Making it Happen (Fulfilling Potential – Making it Happen) is the fifth document in the series and sets out the actions both Government and others are taking to help make this a reality. In order to ensure the actions being taken are making a difference we intend to monitor progress.

2.	We have used the information gained from disabled people and others during the Fulfilling Potential discussions (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012), and data from our analysis to build a picture of disability in the UK today (Fulfilling Potential – Building a Deeper Understanding of Disability in the UK Today 2013), we have worked with disabled people, their organisations and other experts to develop the Fulfilling Potential Outcomes and Indicators Framework.

3.	The Framework provides a basis for how Government can measure progress towards our vision for disabled people and towards long term change in society; changing the way society thinks about disability and ensuring disabled people have the right opportunities.

4.	The indicators within the Fulfilling Potential Outcomes and Indicator Framework are not a set of targets, but will show where progress is being made and where further work needs to be done. They will be a useful tool for Government and others by highlighting potential areas for action and where we might prioritise action. 

5.	Progress against the Framework will be published annually. The first progress report will be published early in 2014 to reflect data available by the end of 2013.

How the Framework will operate

6.	We have worked collaboratively with disabled people, their organisations and other experts to propose six high level strategic outcomes, outlined below, with a supporting indicator framework. 

Education	Disabled people told us that education is fundamental, not just in school but in higher and further education, and in lifelong learning.	
Employment	Being in employment is a key life outcome, but also a driver for many of the other strategic outcomes.	
Income	Disabled people are more likely than non-disabled people to experience material deprivation.	
Health and wellbeing	Health outcomes are very important for everyone. Disabled people can experience poor health outcomes either as a direct or indirect result of their condition. Wellbeing presents an overarching indication of how satisfied disabled people feel with their life overall.	
Inclusive communities	Communities that are inclusive to all people enable everyone to participate in and access all aspects of society; particularly important to disabled people are transport; housing; social participation; friends and family; information and access; and attitudes. 	
Choice and control	To achieve independent living, disabled people should have the same choice and control in their lives as everyone else.	

7.	For each of these outcomes, we have selected one or two headline indicators of progress. These headline indicators represent our priority in each of these areas. Additionally we will also have a set of supporting indicators for each outcome; these are outlined in the relevant chapters and are listed in full in Annex B. 

8.	However, the indicators cannot, and are not designed to tell the whole story. The six outcomes are inherently complex and there are many interrelated factors. To complement the indicators and to better understand some of these complex issues we intend to carry out further research to expand our evidence knowledge as set out in ‘Building Understanding’ (Fulfilling Potential – Building a Deeper Understanding of Disability in the UK Today 2013).

9.	In order to assess progress in the various areas, when reporting the indicators we will state the gap between disabled and non-disabled people wherever possible. 

10.	We appreciate that data sources are not currently available for all the supporting indicators we plan to adopt. Where this is the case we will continue to review these indicators to exploit potential new data sources.

Links with other frameworks

11.	The indicators set out are integral to delivering the aims of our disability strategy. However, these indicators cannot, and will not, operate in isolation. The Framework will have a number of strong links. Firstly with the Social Justice Outcomes Framework (Social Justice Outcomes Framework 2012), this focuses on tackling the causes of poverty. Also with the current Child Poverty Framework (A New Approach to Child Poverty: Tackling the Causes of Disadvantage and Transforming Families’ Lives 2011) (and any subsequent frameworks) which looks at poverty outcomes for children specifically. There are also close ties with the Public Health Outcomes Framework (Public Health Outcomes Framework for England 2013 to 2016, 2013), which has two high level outcomes; to increase healthy life expectancy and reduce inequalities in life expectancy between communities. This is not an exhaustive list; we will link with other Government frameworks where necessary. 

Next Steps

12.	Progress against the Framework will be published annually. It is expected that the first publication will be in early 2014. When reporting the indicators we will provide further breakdowns of the disabled population where the data allows, for example by age, ethnicity and by geography. We will also report on the gaps between disabled and non-disabled people where we can.

13.	 If you have any comments about the Framework, especially on data sources for the supporting indicators, or would like further information please email us at fulfilling.potential@dwp.gsi.gov.uk.

14.	We will also be working with stakeholders to develop a community action toolkit. This will complement the national level data and include pointers to local data sources, survey questions and good practice. These will help disability groups or local organisations to identify the most significant local issues, as well as potential ways forward. We would welcome any comment or suggestions on what would be useful to include in this. 

How this report is structured

15.	The report has a separate chapter for each outcome. Within each chapter we explain why the outcome is important, and explain our rationale for the headline indicator. We also introduce the supporting indicators for each outcome.

16.	There are 2 annexes; one provides a data summary of the headline indicators, and the second detailed information of data sources for the supporting indicators. 

Education

17.	Disabled people have told us that ensuring appropriate support and intervention for disabled people at key life transition stages is important to ensure their aspirations for education, work and independent living are met.

18.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) disabled people told us that education is fundamental, not just in school, but in higher and further education, and in lifelong learning. Research shows that young disabled people have high aspirations but by the time they reach adulthood their aspirations have reduced (Fulfilling Potential – Building a Deeper Understanding of Disability in the UK Today 2013). The two main barriers to education that people mentioned that disabled people experience during the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion are accessibility and attitudes (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012).

What we want to measure and why

19.	Disabled people want to have the same opportunities for education as non-disabled people. They want genuine choice for disabled children, young people and their families, with support based on individual and family needs. We have chosen the educational attainment of young people because although it is not the whole picture, young people having the highest aspirations and educational attainment will lead to improved life chances.

20.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Education Headline Indicator: Educational Attainment Gap
The gap in educational attainment between disabled and non-disabled young people at three key stages – GCSE, A-Level (or equivalent), and degree level.

The picture today

21.	Educational attainment for pupils with Special Educational Need (SEN) is improving overall but the attainment gap for those with a statement is widening (Fulfilling Potential – Building a Deeper Understanding of Disability in the UK Today 2013). At GCSE level, attainment is improving for all children, as can be seen in Figure 1.1. The rate of improvement is highest for Special Educational Needs pupils without a statement. Whilst the attainment gap has narrowed between pupils without Special Educational Needs and those who are Special Educational Needs without a statement (from 46 percentage points in 2005/06 to 30 percentage points in 2010/11), the gap between pupils without Special Educational Needs and those who are Special Educational Needs with a statement has widened (from 58 percentage points in 2005/06 to 64 percentage points in 2010/11).

22.	At A-Level Figure 1.2 shows that in 2011 15 per cent of pupils with Special Educational Needs attained two A-levels or equivalent by age 18, and 23 per cent did so by age 19. This compares to 53 per cent and 62 per cent respectively for pupils without Special Educational Needs.

23.	Disabled students who completed their first degree are less likely to attain a first class or upper second degree than non-disabled people. Figure 1.3 shows that in 2010/11, 60 per cent of disabled students who completed their first degree attained a first class or upper second class degree in comparison to 64 per cent of non-disabled students.

Headline indicator definition and data source

24.	This indicator will be measured by looking at three different education attainment levels; GCSE, A-level (or equivalent); and degree level.

25.	 Achievement at GCSE’s measures the percentage of pupils achieving 5 or more GCSE or equivalent qualifications at grades A*-C. This has three categories:
o	Pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) with a statement
o	Pupils with Special Educational Needs without a statement
o	Pupils with no Special Educational Needs

26.	A pupil has a statement of Special Educational Needs when a formal assessment has been made and a document setting out the child’s needs and the extra help they should receive is in place.

27.	Special Educational Needs provides a limited proxy until consistent data is available from schools on disability (there are both disabled children who do not have Special Educational Needs and non disabled children who do have Special Educational Needs). Disability was collected for the first time from schools on an optional basis in the 2011 School Census, however, data is not useable due to low response rates, and it has been removed pending new ISB standards in disability. Therefore, data on Special Educational Needs is currently the best data available.

28.	Attainment of A levels and equivalent measures the percentage of pupils attaining Level 3 qualifications. We will look at the proportion of pupils who achieved 2 A-levels or equivalent, at both ages 18 and 19 years. As for GCSE’s the data will be broken down by pupils with and without Special Educational Needs, for the same reasons as stated above.

29.	The data source for both GCSE and A-level attainment is the National Pupil Database. The National Pupil Database (NPD) holds a wide range of information about pupils who attend schools and colleges in England. Data covers maintained schools only, including academies and City Technology Colleges and excluding independent schools, pupil referral units, independent special schools, and non-maintained special schools and, for Post-16, any pupils in sixth forms centres and further education sector colleges. The assessment of child’s Special Educational Needs by local authorities determines whether the local authority issues a statement of the child’s needs or not. 

30.	Degree qualifiers measures the percentage of first degree qualifiers attaining each class of degree, for disabled and non-disabled students. The data is sourced from the Higher Education Statistics Agency. It covers UK domiciled first degree qualifiers from full-time courses.

31.	The indicator will be updated annually.

Supporting indicators

32.	The following supporting indicators for education will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B. 
o	Unauthorised absence from school
o	 Achievement at Key stage 2
o	 Proportion of 16 year old in full-time education (in development)
o	 Proportion of young people in higher education at age 19 (in development)
o	 Students who do not continue in higher education after their first year
o	 Satisfaction levels with higher education course
o	 The destination of graduates 6 months after graduating
o	 Not in Education Employment or Training (NEET) status
o	 Confidence in A Levels and GCSE's (in development)
o	 Lifelong participation in education and training (in development)
o	 Apprenticeships

Employment

33.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) it was evident that there are a number of barriers disabled people face in gaining employment. Two key barriers mentioned by respondents were around attitudes and accessibility. Others issues that were mentioned included the need for flexibility in employment, and support to keep in work.

34.	It is important that work is seen to be beneficial for health and wellbeing, and that a health condition or impairment should not automatically be regarded as a barrier to work. Many disabled people would like to work, but currently cannot. 

What we want to measure and why

35.	Being in employment is a key life outcome, but also a key driver of many of the other indicators - the right work is generally good for physical health, mental health and well-being. We propose the employment rate gap as the headline indicator of progress in this area; of course, there are other important aspects which will be captured in the supporting measures such as under employment and retention in employment after the onset of impairment.  

36.	We are proposing the following measure:

Employment Headline Indicator: Employment Rate Gap
The employment rate gap between disabled and non-disabled people

The picture today

37.	The employment rate gap for disabled people has been improving over time. However, there is still a significant difference between disabled and non-disabled people, as can be seen in Figure 2.1. The employment gap between disabled and non-disabled people aged 16-64 years is 30.1 percentage points for Q2 (April, May and June) 2012.

38.	The employment gap for people aged 16-64 has reduced by 10 percentage points over the last 14 years and has remained stable over the last two years despite the recent economic climate.

39.	As can be seen in Figure 2.2, the employment rate alters for different age groups.  The employment gap between disabled and non-disabled people is greatest for the over 50 age group, 36 percent points in April to June 2012. 

40.	Before the age of 23 the employment rate gap between disabled and non-disabled young people is not as large. This is because of the trend to stay in full-time education.

Headline indicator definition and data source

41.	We propose to use the employment rate gap between disabled and non-disabled people as a measure of disabled people realising their employment potential. This indicator measures the proportion of economically active working age people, in full-time and part-time employment. We will be using the current definition of working age, 16-64 year old women and men, for this indicator.

42.	In order to be able to investigate the employment rate gap for individuals going through the transition from education to employment, there will be a subgroup for 16-24 year olds. 

43.	The data source is the Labour Force Survey which is managed by the Office for National Statistics. The Labour Force Survey is a survey of the employment circumstances of the UK population. In the survey disabled people are defined in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act 

44.	Data will be updated annually.

Supporting indicators

45.	The following supporting indicators for employment will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B. 
o	Individuals in high-level (managerial, professional or skilled trade) employment
o	 Working age people who have never worked
o	 Working age people who would like to work more hours
o	 Hourly wage rates
o	 Highest educational qualifications in the working age population
o	 Individuals not in work who would like to work
o	 Retention in employment for those aged 50 or over
o	 Employer attitudes
o	 Work colleagues’ attitudes
o	 Economic activity

Income

46.	Disabled people are more likely than non-disabled people to experience material deprivation or income poverty. These factors are in turn linked to poor life outcomes such as ill health, social isolation and lack of wellbeing. 

What we want to measure and why

47.	Individuals (adults and children) living in families with a disabled member are more likely to live in income poverty compared to people living in families with no disabled member (Fulfilling Potential – Building Understanding).

48.	We are therefore proposing the following two measures of income:

Income Headline Indicator: Individuals in Low Income
The gap between the proportion of individuals in families where at least one person is disabled living in low income and individuals in families where no-one is disabled living in low income.

Income Headline Indicator: Children in Low Income
The gap between the proportion of children living in families in low income with a disabled member, and children living in families in low income where no-one is disabled.

49.	However, to have a consistent approach across Government, we may supplement our indicators in due course to reflect the outcomes of the Child Poverty Unit Consultation on measuring child poverty. 
The picture today

50.	In 2011/12, before housing costs, 19 per cent of individuals were living in low income in families where at least one member is disabled, Figure 3.1, a decrease of 1 percentage point from the previous year.  However, the percentage gap between individuals living in low income families where at least one member is disabled and low income families where no-one is disabled, has improved over time, falling from 9 per cent in 2006/7 to 4 per cent in 2011/12.

51.	 The amount of children living in low income has been reducing for all children, as can be seen in Figure 3.2. The proportion of children living in families where at least one member is disabled has fallen in 2011/12 to 21 per cent. 

52.	 The percentage gap between children living in low income families where at least one member is disabled and children in low income families where no-one is disabled also improved in 2011/12. This gap, currently at 5 percentage points has been declining since 2007/8.

Indicator definition and data source

53.	For these indicators we are measuring the proportion of families living in low income. 

54.	For individuals in low income we will measure
o	Individuals living in low income in families where at least one member is disabled, and
o	Individuals living in low income in families where no-one is disabled.

55.	For children in low income we will be measuring:
o	Children living in low income in families where at least one member is disabled,
o	Children living in low income in families with disabled children regardless of adult disability, and
o	Children living in low income in families where no-one is disabled. 

56.	For both of these indicators we will report the proportion of families in low income, calculated both before and after housing costs. At present low income is calculated as household income below 60% median equivalised household income, including Disability Living Allowance and Attendance Allowance.

57.	We are measuring family income poverty by looking at household income as this is a standard measure of income poverty. Household income is affected if a member of the family is disabled, as this can lead to extra costs because of the individuals’ disability and a loss of earning due to caring responsibilities.

58.	The indicators use data from the Family Resources Survey, managed by the Department for Work and Pensions, which is released annually. The Family Resources Survey is a survey on the living conditions and resources of the people in the UK.

59.	In the survey, disabled people are defined as respondents who report a limiting long standing illness, disability or infirmity. Everyone in this group is likely to meet the definition of disability in the Equality Act 2010. 

Supporting indicators

60.	Until the outcome of the Child Poverty Unit Consultation is published we propose to have the following supporting indicators. We may supplement these with additional indicators to reflect the outcomes of the Child Poverty Unit Consultation. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B. 

o	Children living in low income and material deprivation.
o	Households living in fuel poverty
o	Individuals living in persistent poverty

Health and Wellbeing

61.	Good health outcomes are important to everyone. A number of factors contribute to the health inequalities experienced by disabled people. These include increased risk of secondary health conditions, greater exposure to common determinants of poor health such as low income and social exclusion, and barriers in accessing appropriate heath care such as poor communication or unequal access to services such as cancer screening (Emerson et al – forthcoming).  

62.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012), respondents said access to appropriate healthcare was an important issue for disabled people. They felt that the healthcare system often did not treat them as individuals and did not listen to them, and merely treated them as a set of symptoms. 

What we want to measure and why

63.	Health is important to everyone. Disabled people can experience poor health outcomes either as a direct or indirect result of their health condition or impairment. For both disabled and non-disabled people, health is also about general health and wellbeing.

64.	Wellbeing presents an overarching indication of how satisfied disabled people feel with their life overall. It reflects the status of all of the other indicators, although the relative importance of these will vary from individual to individual.

65.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Health and Well-being Headline Indicator: Life Satisfaction
The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people reporting medium or high satisfaction with their life.

The picture today

66.	Disabled people have lower life satisfaction than non-disabled people, as shown in Figure 4.1. The chart shows that more non-disabled people reported having high or medium life satisfaction, 81 per cent, compared to 62 per cent of disabled people (ONS Experimental Subjective Wellbeing Survey 2012).

67.	Disabled people are also less likely to be confident in managing their own health condition. In 2012 although 89 per cent of people with a long-standing health condition stated that they are fairly or very confident in managing their health condition, this is compared to 98 per cent of people without a long-standing health condition (GP Patient Survey 2012). 

Headline indicator definition and data source

68.	For the indicator we will measure the gap between the proportion of disabled and non disabled respondents who stated that they have high or medium life satisfaction. This will be assessed by calculating respondents who scored 7 or above, on a 1-10 scale with 10 being ‘completely satisfied’.

69.	This indicator will be measured using data from the ONS Subjective Wellbeing Survey, which uses data from the Annual Population Survey. This will be updated annually and is a survey of adults in the UK.

70.	In the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

71.	There are many further health indicators we would like to include, however, currently there is limited data on disability.

72.	The following supporting indicators for health and well-being will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Management of health condition
o	People with long-term health conditions supported to manage their condition.
o	Having good general health.

Choice and Control

73.	The Government is committed to enabling disabled people to have choice and control in their lives and the opportunity to live independently. It is important that disabled people have control over the services and support they receive.

74.	Having choice is key to improved health, maintaining independence and relationships within family and retaining lifestyles (Rabiee and Glendinning 2010).  

What we want to measure and why

75.	In order to live independently, disabled people need to have choice and control in their lives. We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Choice and Control Headline Indicator: Choice and Control
The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who believe that they frequently have choice and control over their lives.

The picture today

76.	In 2011 three-quarters (74 percent) of disabled people stated that they feel they have choice and control over their lives, Figure 5.1. 

77.	There are many issues that affect if individuals believe that they have choice and control over their lives. Aspirations and expectation regarding choice and control differ by age and life stage, with older people having lower aspirations than younger people (Ipsos Mori 2010).

Indicator definition and data source

78.	For the choice and control indicator we are measuring the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who believe that they frequently have choice and control over their lives. 

79.	The indicator uses data on Great Britain taken from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, which is updated annually.

80.	In the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

81.	The following supporting indicators for choice and control will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Personal budgets (in development)
o	Take up of direct payments
o	Influence on decisions
o	Advocacy (in development)
o	People supported to live independently through social services
o	Rights (in development)

Inclusive Communities

82.	In the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) disabled people told us about the importance of being involved in local community activities and decision making processes, so that communities become more inclusive. We were told this can mean access to suitable accessible housing, transport and information, as well as having strong networks of family and friends. Participation in social and leisure activities were an important part of feeling included in community life, and that the attitudes of other people and being free from harassment were vital.  

83.	To measure the Inclusive Communities outcome, we will be looking at the following sub-themes:
o	Housing
o	Transport
o	Social Participation
o	Friends and Family
o	Information and Access 
o	Attitudes

Inclusive Communities - Housing 

84.	In order to live independently disabled people need accommodation which is safe, comfortable and meets their needs.

85.	Disabled people face many issues in accessing appropriate housing. During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) disabled people and organisations raised issues around the bureaucracy and delays of getting home adaptations, and that new housing developments are not being designed with disabled people in mind. 

What we want to measure and why

86.	Fully accessible homes which meet the needs of the residents are key to an independent life. Disabled people see delays in getting homes adapted or access to adapted properties as a particular issue which limits their independence.

87.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Housing Headline Indicator: Accessibility in the Home
The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who are able to access all parts of their home without difficulty.

The picture today

88.	In 2011, 8.4 per cent of disabled people stated that there are rooms in their homes that they have difficulty getting into, Figure 6a.1. The rooms that they had most difficulty accessing were the bedroom and bathroom. The most common barrier to accessing rooms was stairs and a lack of ramps/stair lifts (Life Opportunities Survey 2011). 

89.	Only 0.4 per cent of people without an impairment stated that there are rooms in their homes that they have difficulty accessing. This is compared to 8.4 percent of people with an impairment.

Indicator definition and data source

90.	To assess if disabled people can access all parts of their home, we will measure the proportion of disabled people who have stated that there are rooms in their homes that they have difficulty getting into.

91.	This indicator will use data from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, covering Great Britain, and will be updated annually. Data from this source is not yet available, but will be updated regularly. This question is also asked on the Life Opportunities Survey, however, information from this survey is not frequent enough to be suitable for indicator use.

92.	In ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

93.	The following supporting indicators for housing will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Decent accommodation

Inclusive Communities - Transport

94.	We know that transport is an important factor in supporting independence, participation in employment, education, social and cultural activities and accessing a range of services.

95.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) disabled people told us about the importance of transport, and about the need for accessible public transport, particularly in rural areas, as well as the need for adapted cars. They also mentioned the importance of accessible information, ensuring timetables and other travel information including cancellations are delivered in a way that is accessible to all. 

What we want to measure and why

96.	Access to transport is a key enabler to participation in a range of activities including many of those listed in other indicators. The importance of transport to every aspect of daily life was highlighted during the discussion. 

97.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Transport Headline Indicator: Access to Transport
The proportion of disabled people who do not experience difficulties using transport.

The picture today

98.	In 2011 78 per cent of the disabled population stated that they had not experienced difficulties in using public transport (Figure 6b.1). This figure has improved over the years, increasing by 5 percentage points since 2005.

99.	The mode of transport that people with an impairment were most likely to face difficulties using was long distance buses, and the least likely was travelling by taxi (Life Opportunities Survey 2011). 

100.	Disabled people in the UK are nearly a third less likely to experience difficulties in accessing transport compared to the EU average (ANED 2011).

Indicator definition and data source

101.	To assess if disabled people are not experiencing difficulties in using transport, we will be looking at the proportion of people in the last 12 months who did not experience any problems with the following difficulties:
o	getting to and from transport hubs, 
o	getting into transport hubs,
o	getting on or off vehicles, 
o	changing modes of transport, 
o	travelling by minicab or taxi, 
o	booking tickets, 
o	ensuring assistance is available, 
o	getting information about accessible transport.
o	difficulties in crossing roads, using pavements, or pedestrian areas 
o	or any other difficulties when travelling.  

102.	The indicator uses data from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, which is updated annually. Data is collected from across Great Britain. 

103.	In the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

104.	The following supporting indicators for health and well-being will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Number of trips
o	Satisfaction with bus and rail journey experience
o	Full –size buses accessible to disabled people 

Inclusive Communities - Social Participation

105.	Disabled adults are less likely than non-disabled adults to participate in cultural, leisure or sporting activities. Adults with impairments are less likely to feel that they have choice over the use of their free time, 22 per cent reported having little choice compared with 13 per cent of those without impairments (Life Opportunities Survey 2011). However, some people with learning, memory or neuro-diversity impairment attend day centres or social clubs run by voluntary disability organisation which allow them to take part in activities that might not otherwise have been available to them (Office for Disability Issues 2010).

106.	The Government is committed to leaving a strong legacy for Paralympics sport from the 2012 games, with one of the three priority areas being opportunities for disabled people to participate in sport and physical activities. 

What we want to measure and why

107.	It is important for disabled people to feel included in their community. The key message from the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) was that sport and leisure activities were not just an area where barriers need to be removed, but also an area that itself removes barriers. 

108.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Social Participation Headline Indicator: Participation in Cultural, Leisure and Sporting Activities.
The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people participating in various activities – cultural, sporting and leisure activities.

The picture today

109.	Disabled people are less likely to participate in social activities than non-disabled people. As can be seen in Figure 6c.1 below, in 2011/12 non-disabled people participated more in the main cultural, sporting and leisure activities, than non-disabled people. This gap has generally widened since 2005, with the exception of attending libraries and engagement with the arts.

110.	However, when looking at the number of disabled people participating in social activities, this has gradually been increasing since 2005. With the exception of attending libraries and moderate-intensity level sport, disabled people are more likely to attend cultural, sporting and leisure activities in 2011 than they were in 2005.

Indicator definition and data source

111.	To measure participation in cultural, sporting and leisure activities, we will measure the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who participate/ attend the following activities:
o	Arts – attendance or participation at least once in the past 12 months 
o	museums and galleries – attendance at least once in the past 12 months
o	sport – participation in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity level sport at least once in the past 4 weeks
o	heritage sites – attendance  at least once in the past 12 months 
o	cinema – attendance at least once in the past 12 months
o	libraries – attendance at least once in the past 12 months

112.	We will measure the attendance gap between disabled and non-disabled people for each of these social activities. Disability in the survey is self reported, and is related to whether a respondent has a long-standing health condition or disability or not.

113.	The indicator will use data from the Taking Part Survey which collects data on many aspects of leisure, culture and sport in England. It is managed by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport and is updated annually. It will also use data from the Active People Survey, to measure the sports element of the indicator. This survey is run by Sports England and is updated annually.

Supporting indicators

114.	The following supporting indicators for health and well-being will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Civic involvement
o	Voting (in development)
o	Volunteering
o	Neighbourhood belonging

Inclusive Communities - Friends and Family 

115.	Disabled people can be at risk of social exclusion, for example because of difficulties in getting out and about and communicating with people. During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) participants mentioned the importance of family and support networks. This is of particular importance during childhood. Some respondents mentioned how parental attitudes have a serious impact on children’s aspirations, and that if parents of disabled children feel unsupported this could affect the expectations they have for their children.

116.	We were also told that where disabled people receive support from their families and support networks, it can enable them to pursue education and employment opportunities, and to live fulfilling and independent lives. 

What we want to measure and why

117.	Disabled people are more likely to have a lower level of social contact (Fulfilling Potential – Building Understanding 2013). Respondents to the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion said some disabled people have specific difficulty in developing and maintaining relationships (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012).

118.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Family and Friends Headline Indicator: Support Networks
The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who have acquaintances they are close with.

The picture today

119.	Data from the Life Opportunities Survey (2009/11) showed that adults with impairments are less likely than those without an impairment to have had close contact with at least 6 people in the week prior to interview, as can be seen in Figure 6d.1.

120.	The people who are more likely to have met none or just one or two close contacts were adults with speaking (36 per cent), learning (33 per cent), behavioural, intellectual or memory impairment (37 per cent) or a mental health condition (36 per cent) (Life Opportunities Survey 2011). 

Indicator definition and data source

121.	The headline indicator will measure the gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people of who have 6 or more acquaintances that they feel close to. Close contacts are defined as individuals that the respondents could count on if they had a problem, while closeness is measured by looking at the number of close contacts that they have met or spoken to in the last week.

122.	The indicator will use data from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, and will be updated annually. Data is collected from across Great Britain. Although data on this is also collected in the Life Opportunities Survey this survey is not updated frequently enough to be suitable for indicator use.

123.	In the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

124.	We are interested in your views on potential supporting indicators for the friends and family theme. For example we are interested in exploring potential indicators around informal support, and with joining up with the Social Justice Outcomes Framework on supporting families (DWP 2012).

Inclusive Communities - Information and Access
 
125.	In order for disabled people to live as independent a life as possible they need to have personal control over the services and support they receive.

126.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) respondents identified many issues that disabled people face around access to services and information. Two of the main issues raised were the need for better access to buildings, and that services need to join up better including across local council boundaries. Another important issue raised, was that accessible, accurate and up-to-date information about services needs to be readily available. 

What we want to measure and why

127.	Disabled people want to live the same lives as their non-disabled peers. The barriers that disabled people face in accessing information and services, are issues such as access to buildings and information provided in formats that are accessible. To measure progress to remove these barriers we are proposing the following measure:

Information and Access Headline Indicator: Accessing Goods or Services

The proportion of disabled people reporting problems accessing goods or services, specifically public services.

The picture today

128.	 In 2011 over two-thirds of disabled people (68 per cent) stated that they had not experienced difficulties relating to their impairment or disability in accessing goods or services. As can be seen in Figure 5f.1 this figure has increased over time. 

129.	When looking specifically at public services, the public service which people had the least difficulty accessing were culture, sports and leisure services. The most difficult public service to access was benefits and pensions services (Life Opportunities Survey 2011).

Indicator definition and data source

130.	To assess if these reported issues are improving over time we propose to measure the ease of access to goods and services. 

131.	The headline indicator will measure the number of people who have had a problem in the last 12 months related to their health problem or disability in accessing any goods or services. Specifically if any disabled person has had any difficulty:
o	Accessing facilities at a private club
o	Going to the cinema, theatre or concert
o	Going to the library, art galleries or museums
o	Shopping
o	Going to pubs or restaurants
o	Going to sporting events
o	Using public telephone
o	Using websites
o	Using a bank or building society
o	Arranging insurance
o	Arranging accommodation in a hotel or guest house
o	Accessing health services or local authority services
o	Accessing central government services
o	Accessing law enforcement services
o	Or any other leisure, commercial or public good or service.

132.	Disability will be defined by individuals covered by the Disability Discrimination Act. The indicator uses data taken from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, which is updated annually. Data is collected from across Great Britain. 

133.	In the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

134.	The following supporting indicators for information and access will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Access to the internet
o	Adults without saving and bank accounts

Inclusive Communities - Attitudes

135.	During the ‘Fulfilling Potential’ discussion (Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far 2012) disabled people told us that many of the barriers they face are attitudinal. They stated that public awareness is important to improving attitudes. They said there is a need for greater disability awareness amongst the general public, and healthcare professionals for example, to understand the barriers faced by disabled people, and a need to develop a better understanding of the particular types of impairment. Individuals and organisations also commented on the portrayal of disabled people in the media.

136.	The Government wants to promote positive attitudes and behaviours towards disabled people to enable participation in work, community life and wider society, tackling discrimination and harassment wherever it occurs. 

What we want to measure and why

137.	Attitudes towards disabled people have improved over time, however there are still negative attitudes. Attitudinal barriers can influence every part of life. It is important that this is addressed to enable disabled people to fully participate in society. 

138.	We are therefore proposing the following measure:

Attitudes Headline Indicator 9: Public View of Disability
The gap between the proportion of people who reported that they though of disabled people as the same as everyone else and those who did not.

The picture today

139.	Attitudes towards disabled people had improved over time. Since 2005 a higher proportion of people are likely to think of disabled people as the same as everyone else, as can be seen in Figure 5e.1 there was a 3 percentage point increase in 2011 from 2005 (British Social Attitudes Survey, 2011). 

140.	The Paralympics has had a positive impact on attitudes with 81 per cent of people believing that the Paralympics had positive impact on way disabled are viewed by public in a recent poll (Ipsos Mori 2012). Similarly 53% of people thought the Paralympics had a positive effect on the way they themselves viewed disabled people (ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey November 2012 – March 2013).

141.	However, there are still negative attitudes towards disabled people. In 2011, 41 per cent people stated that they felt that disabled people cannot be as productive as non-disabled people, and around one-in-ten said that they thought disabled people get in the way (British Social Attitudes Survey 2011). 

Indicator definition and data source

142.	Views towards disabled people are influenced by personal relationships, the media and role models. In order to measure the positivity towards disabled people we intend to measure the public’s view of disability. The headline indicator will measure if the British public’s view of disabled people is, in general, the same as everyone else.

143.	The indicator will use data from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, and will be updated annually. The data is collected from across Great Britain. Using this data source will provide regular updates and also provide certainty of continuation.

144.	In the survey, respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled.

Supporting indicators

145.	The following supporting indicators for attitudes will also be used to measure progress. Further information about these indicators and their data sources are provided in Annex B.
o	Hate crime
o	Risk of being a victim of crime
o	Confidence in the Criminal Justice System
o	Fair treatment (in development)
o	Unfair treatment at work
o	Public opinion on whether disabled people are as productive as non-disabled people

Annex A: Headline Indicator Summary

Indicator	Gap	
Education
Attainment levels have risen for disabled young people. The gap has remained stable, apart from GCSEs where the gap between SEN without statement and no SEN has reduced.	 

Employment
46 percent of working age disabled people are in work. This has been increasing and the gap with people who are not disabled has been closing, but it is still 30 percentage points.		
Income (Individuals)
19 percent of individuals living in a family with a disabled member are in income poverty. This has been reducing over time, as has the gap which is currently at 4 percent.		
Income (Children)
The number of children living in low income families where someone is disabled has fallen. The gap between this group and children in families where no-one is disabled has also been declining since 2007/8, currently at 5 percent.		
Health and Wellbeing
20 percent of disabled people have positive life satisfaction, compared to 28 percent of non-disabled people.	N/A	
Choice and Control
Three quarters of disabled people feel they have choice and control over their lives. The gap between disabled and non-disabled people has been decreasing over time.		
Housing
Eight percent of adults with an impairment have difficulties getting into a room in their homes.	N/A	
Transport
Three-quarters of disabled people do not have difficulty using transport. This has increased since 2005. 		
Social Participation
In general disabled people are participating more in social activities, e.g. 72 percent of disabled people engage with the arts compared to 81 percent of non-disabled people, the gap has remained stable.		
Friends and Family
35 percent of adults with an impairment had close contact with at least 6 people in the week prior to interview, compared to 43 percent of adults without an impairment who have 	N/A	
Information and Access
65 percent of disabled people do not experience difficulties accessing public services. This is up from 60 percent in 2005.		
Attitudes
Since 2005 more people think of disabled people as the same as everyone else. 	 	
 
Annex B: Supporting indicators – definitions and data sources

Theme	Indicator	Measure	Definition of disability 	Source of Data	Coverage	
Education	Unauthorised absence from school 	The gap in the proportion of disabled and non-disabled young people who are absent from school unauthorised.
	SEN. The assessment of child’s Special Educational Needs by local authorities determines whether the local authority issues a statement of the child’s needs or not	School Census Data	England	
Education	Achievement at Key stage 2 	The gap in attainment at key stage 2 between disabled and non-disabled young people 	Disability was collected for the first time from schools on an optional basis in the 2011 School Census. SEN provides a limited proxy until consistent data are available from schools on disability.	National Pupils database, School Census & Attainment Data	England	
Education	Proportion of 16 year old in full-time education	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Education	Proportion of young people in higher education at age 19 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Education	Students who do not continue in higher education after their first year 	The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled students who do not continue in higher education after their first year	Students in receipt of DSA. Disability is self reported where not in receipt of DSA	Higher Education Statistics Agency	UK	
Education	Satisfaction levels with higher education course 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled students satisfaction with their higher education course	Disability is self reported	National Student Survey	England	
Education	The destination of graduated 6 months after graduating 	The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled graduates who are in employment or further study	Disability is self-reported	Destination of leaver from Higher Education Survey	UK	
Education	Not in Education Employment or Training (NEET) status 	 The proportion of disabled people who are not in education, employment or training	LDD - learning difficulties and/or disabilities. The definition of LDD given in the 2000 Learning and Skills Act; i.e. a young person has a learning difficulty and/or disability if (a) they have a significantly greater difficulty in learning than the majority of persons of their age, or (b) they have a disability which either prevents or hinders them from making use of facilities of a kind generally provided by institutions providing post-16 education or training. 	Connexions Services	England	
Education	Confidence in A Levels and GCSE's 	 In development	In development	In development	In development	
Education	Lifelong participation in education and training 	 In development	In development	In development	In development	
Education	Apprenticeships 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who are on an apprenticeship scheme.	Is based upon self-declaration by the learner.	Skills Funding Agency	England	
Employment	Individuals in high-level (managerial, professional or skilled trade) employment 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled individuals in high-level (managerial, professional or skilled trade) employment	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Working age people who have never worked 	The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled working aged people (16-64) that have never worked	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Working age people who would like to work more hours 	The gap between the proportion of disabled and non disabled working age people who would like to work more hours 	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Hourly wage rates 	 The gap between the hourly wage rates for disabled and non-disabled people	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Highest educational qualifications in the working age population	 The gap between disabled and non-disabled working age individuals highest educational qualifications	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Individuals not in work who would like to work 	 The gap between the proportion of working age disabled and non-disabled people who are not currently in work but would like to work	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Retention in employment for those aged 50 or over 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people aged 50 or over who are in employment	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Employer attitudes 	 The proportion of the economically active public that believe that employers attitudes towards disabled employees is supportive	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Work colleagues attitudes 	 The proportion of the economically active public that believe that work colleagues attitudes towards disabled is supportive	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey	Great Britain	
Employment	Economic activity 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who are economically active	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Income	Children living in low income and material deprivation 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled children living in low income and material deprivation	Disabled people are defined as respondents who report a limiting long standing illness, disability or infirmity. Everyone in this group is likely to meet the definition of disability in the Equality Act 2010 (and the Disability Discrimination Act which was in force at the time of the survey).	Family Resources Survey	UK	
Income	Households living in fuel poverty 	 The gap between disabled and non-disabled households living in fuel poverty	Households affected by disability are defined as households containing at least one respondent who reports a long term disability, illness or infirmity that limits their activities	English Housing Survey/ DECC fuel poverty data	England	
Income	Individuals living in persistent poverty	 The gap between disabled and non-disabled individuals living in persistent poverty	Disabled people are defined as respondents who report a limiting long standing illness, disability or infirmity.	Understanding Society (Formerly British Households Panel Survey)	Great Britain	
Health	Management of own health condition 	 The proportion of people with a long-term health condition who are confident in managing their own health condition	Self reported. If respondents have a long-standing health condition	GP Patient Survey	England	
Health	People with long-term health condition supported to manage their condition 	 The proportion of people with a long-term health condition who feel they are supported to manage their own health condition	Self reported. If respondents have a long-standing health condition	GP Patient Survey	England	
Health	Having good general health	 The proportion of disabled people who report having good general health	Respondents who report a current disability consistent with the Disability Discrimination Act are defined as disabled. 	Labour Force Survey	Great Britain	
Choice and Control	Personal budgets 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Choice and Control	Take up of direct payments 	 The proportion of disabled people who are taking up direct payments	Adults with a physical disability, learning disability or mental health condition who are in receipt of direct payments or individual budgets.	NHS Information Centre	England	
Choice and Control	Influence on decisions 	 The gap between disabled and non-disabled people who feel that they can influence decisions on their local area and Britain	In accordance with the Equality Act	Community Life Survey	England	
Choice and Control	Advocacy (in development) 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Choice and Control	People supported to live independently through social services 	 The proportion of disabled people who are supported to live independently through social services	Individuals that are assisted directly through social services assessed/care planned, funded support to live independently, plus those supported through organisations that receive social services grant funded services	NHS Information Centre	England	
Choice and Control	Rights (in development) 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Inclusive Communities	
Housing	Decent Accommodation 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people living in decent accommodation	Households affected by disability are defined as households containing at least one respondent who reports a long term disability, illness or infirmity that limits their activities	English Housing Survey	England	
Transport	Number of trips 	 The gap between the number of trips taken by disabled and non-disabled people	Definition of 'mobility difficulty' is whether respondent says they have difficulty going out on foot or using bus services	National Travel Survey	Great Britain	
Transport	Satisfaction with bus and rail journey experience 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who are satisfied with their bus and rail journey experiences	Disability is self-reported	Passenger Focus	England	
Transport	Full-size buses accessible to disabled people 	 The number of full-size buses that are accessible to disabled people	The accessibility of buses is measured by the percentage of vehicles which meet Public Sector Vehicle Accessibility Requirements (PSVAR) or buses that do not meet PSVAR but which have low floor designs, suitable for wheelchair access.	Annual Sample Survey of bus operators	Great Britain	
Social Participation	Civic involvement 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who participate in civic involvement	In accordance with the Equality Act	Community Life Survey	England	
Social Participation	Voting (in development) 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Social Participation	Volunteering 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who participate in volunteering	In accordance with the Equality Act	Community Life Survey	England	
Social Participation	Neighbourhood belonging 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who feel that they belong to their neighbourhood	In accordance with the Equality Act	Community Life Survey	England	
Information and Access	Access to the internet 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who can access the internet	Disabled respondents are those with a long-standing physical or mental health condition or disability that has a substantial adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.  	British Social Attitudes Survey	Great Britain	
Information and Access	Adults without saving and bank accounts 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who do not have a savings or bank account	Disabled people are defined as respondents who report a limiting long standing illness, disability or infirmity. Everyone in this group is likely to meet the definition of disability in the Equality Act 2010 (and the Disability Discrimination Act which was in force at the time of the survey).	Family Resources Survey	UK	
Attitudes	Hate Crime 	The proportion of disabled people who experience hate crime	Any criminal offence which is perceived, by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by a hostility or prejudice based on a person's disability or perceived disability.	Police Recorded Crime	England and Wales	
Attitudes	Risk of being victim of crime 	 The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who feel that they are at risk of being a victim of crime	Disabled people are defined as respondents who report a disability or limiting long-term illness	British Crime Survey	England and Wales	
Attitudes	Confidence in the Criminal Justice System 	The gap between the proportion of disabled and non-disabled people who are confident in the Criminal Justice System	Disabled people are defined as respondents who report a disability or limiting long-term illness	British Crime Survey	England and Wales	
Attitudes	Fair treatment (in development) 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Attitudes	Unfair treatment at work 	In development	In development	In development	In development	
Attitudes	Public opinion on whether disabled people are as productive as non-disabled people
	The gap between the proportion of people who feel that disabled people are as productive as non-disabled people and those who do not	Disabled respondents are those with a long-standing physical or mental health condition or disability that has a substantial adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.  	British Social Attitudes Survey	Great Britain	

References

ANED (2011) ‘Indicators of disability equality in Europe’.
Department for Work and Pensions (2013) ‘Fulfilling Potential – Building a Deeper Understanding of Disability in the UK Today’.
Department for Work and Pensions (2012) ‘Fulfilling Potential – Making it Happen’.
Department for Work and Pensions (2012) ‘Fulfilling Potential – The Discussions So Far’.
Department for Work and Pensions (2011) ‘ Life Opportunities Survey Wave 1 2009/11’.
Department for Work and Pensions (2012) ‘ Social Justice Outcomes Framework’.
Department for Work and Pensions and Department for Education (2011) ‘A New Approach to Child Poverty: Tackling the Causes of Disadvantage and Transforming Families’ Lives’.
Department of Health (2012) ‘GP Patient Survey’.
Department of Health (2013) ‘Public Health Outcomes Framework for England 2013 to 2016’.
Ipsos Mori (2010) ‘The Life Opportunities of Disabled People. Qualitative research on choice and control and access to goods and services’.
Ipsos Mori (2012) ‘Paralympics Polls’.
McKay S and Atkinson A (2007) ‘Disability and caring among families with children, family employment and poverty characteristics’.
Natcen (2011) ‘British Social Attitudes Survey’
Office for Disability Issues (2010) ‘Life Opportunities Survey: Qualitative research with people with learning, memory or neuro-diversity impairment’.
ONS (2011/12) ‘Experimental Subjective Wellbeing Survey’.
Rabiee P and Glendinning C (2010) ‘Choice: What, When and Why? Exploring the importance of choice to disabled people’ Disability and Society 2010.